620 lines
22 KiB
Python
620 lines
22 KiB
Python
# ===================================================================
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#
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# Copyright (c) 2014, Legrandin <helderijs@gmail.com>
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# All rights reserved.
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#
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# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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# are met:
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#
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# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
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# the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
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# distribution.
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#
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# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
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# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
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# FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
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# COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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# INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
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# BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
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# LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
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# CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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# LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
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# ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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# ===================================================================
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"""
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Counter with CBC-MAC (CCM) mode.
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"""
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__all__ = ['CcmMode']
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from Crypto.Util.py3compat import byte_string, b, bchr, bord, unhexlify
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from Crypto.Util.strxor import strxor
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from Crypto.Util.number import long_to_bytes
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from Crypto.Hash import BLAKE2s
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from Crypto.Random import get_random_bytes
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def enum(**enums):
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return type('Enum', (), enums)
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MacStatus = enum(NOT_STARTED=0, PROCESSING_AUTH_DATA=1, PROCESSING_PLAINTEXT=2)
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class CcmMode(object):
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"""Counter with CBC-MAC (CCM).
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This is an Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data (`AEAD`_) mode.
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It provides both confidentiality and authenticity.
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The header of the message may be left in the clear, if needed, and it will
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still be subject to authentication. The decryption step tells the receiver
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if the message comes from a source that really knowns the secret key.
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Additionally, decryption detects if any part of the message - including the
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header - has been modified or corrupted.
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This mode requires a nonce. The nonce shall never repeat for two
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different messages encrypted with the same key, but it does not need
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to be random.
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Note that there is a trade-off between the size of the nonce and the
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maximum size of a single message you can encrypt.
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It is important to use a large nonce if the key is reused across several
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messages and the nonce is chosen randomly.
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It is acceptable to us a short nonce if the key is only used a few times or
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if the nonce is taken from a counter.
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The following table shows the trade-off when the nonce is chosen at
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random. The column on the left shows how many messages it takes
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for the keystream to repeat **on average**. In practice, you will want to
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stop using the key way before that.
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+--------------------+---------------+-------------------+
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| Avg. # of messages | nonce | Max. message |
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| before keystream | size | size |
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| repeats | (bytes) | (bytes) |
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+====================+===============+===================+
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| 2^52 | 13 | 64K |
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+--------------------+---------------+-------------------+
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| 2^48 | 12 | 16M |
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+--------------------+---------------+-------------------+
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| 2^44 | 11 | 4G |
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+--------------------+---------------+-------------------+
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| 2^40 | 10 | 1T |
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+--------------------+---------------+-------------------+
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| 2^36 | 9 | 64P |
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+--------------------+---------------+-------------------+
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| 2^32 | 8 | 16E |
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+--------------------+---------------+-------------------+
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This mode is only available for ciphers that operate on 128 bits blocks
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(e.g. AES but not TDES).
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See `NIST SP800-38C`_ or RFC3610_.
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.. _`NIST SP800-38C`: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-38C/SP800-38C.pdf
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.. _RFC3610: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3610
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.. _AEAD: http://blog.cryptographyengineering.com/2012/05/how-to-choose-authenticated-encryption.html
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:undocumented: __init__
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"""
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def __init__(self, factory, key, nonce, mac_len, msg_len, assoc_len,
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cipher_params):
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self.block_size = factory.block_size
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"""The block size of the underlying cipher, in bytes."""
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self.nonce = nonce
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"""The nonce used for this cipher instance"""
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self._factory = factory
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self._key = key
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self._mac_len = mac_len
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self._msg_len = msg_len
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self._assoc_len = assoc_len
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self._cipher_params = cipher_params
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self._mac_tag = None # Cache for MAC tag
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if self.block_size != 16:
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raise ValueError("CCM mode is only available for ciphers"
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" that operate on 128 bits blocks")
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# MAC tag length (Tlen)
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if mac_len not in (4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16):
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raise ValueError("Parameter 'mac_len' must be even"
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" and in the range 4..16 (not %d)" % mac_len)
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# Nonce value
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if not (nonce and 7 <= len(nonce) <= 13):
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raise ValueError("Length of parameter 'nonce' must be"
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" in the range 7..13 bytes")
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# Create MAC object (the tag will be the last block
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# bytes worth of ciphertext)
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self._mac = self._factory.new(key,
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factory.MODE_CBC,
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iv=bchr(0) * 16,
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**cipher_params)
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self._mac_status = MacStatus.NOT_STARTED
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self._t = None
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# Allowed transitions after initialization
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self._next = [self.update, self.encrypt, self.decrypt,
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self.digest, self.verify]
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# Cumulative lengths
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self._cumul_assoc_len = 0
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self._cumul_msg_len = 0
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# Cache for unaligned associated data/plaintext.
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# This is a list, but when the MAC starts, it will become a binary
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# string no longer than the block size.
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self._cache = []
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# Start CTR cipher, by formatting the counter (A.3)
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q = 15 - len(nonce) # length of Q, the encoded message length
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self._cipher = self._factory.new(key,
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self._factory.MODE_CTR,
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nonce=bchr(q - 1) + nonce,
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**cipher_params)
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# S_0, step 6 in 6.1 for j=0
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self._s_0 = self._cipher.encrypt(bchr(0) * 16)
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# Try to start the MAC
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if None not in (assoc_len, msg_len):
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self._start_mac()
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def _start_mac(self):
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assert(self._mac_status == MacStatus.NOT_STARTED)
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assert(None not in (self._assoc_len, self._msg_len))
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assert(isinstance(self._cache, list))
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# Formatting control information and nonce (A.2.1)
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q = 15 - len(self.nonce) # length of Q, the encoded message length
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flags = (64 * (self._assoc_len > 0) + 8 * ((self._mac_len - 2) // 2) +
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(q - 1))
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b_0 = bchr(flags) + self.nonce + long_to_bytes(self._msg_len, q)
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# Formatting associated data (A.2.2)
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# Encoded 'a' is concatenated with the associated data 'A'
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assoc_len_encoded = b('')
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if self._assoc_len > 0:
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if self._assoc_len < (2 ** 16 - 2 ** 8):
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enc_size = 2
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elif self._assoc_len < (2 ** 32):
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assoc_len_encoded = b('\xFF\xFE')
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enc_size = 4
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else:
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assoc_len_encoded = b('\xFF\xFF')
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enc_size = 8
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assoc_len_encoded += long_to_bytes(self._assoc_len, enc_size)
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# b_0 and assoc_len_encoded must be processed first
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self._cache.insert(0, b_0)
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self._cache.insert(1, assoc_len_encoded)
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# Process all the data cached so far
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first_data_to_mac = b("").join(self._cache)
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self._cache = b("")
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self._mac_status = MacStatus.PROCESSING_AUTH_DATA
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self._update(first_data_to_mac)
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def _pad_cache_and_update(self):
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assert(self._mac_status != MacStatus.NOT_STARTED)
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assert(byte_string(self._cache))
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assert(len(self._cache) < self.block_size)
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# Associated data is concatenated with the least number
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# of zero bytes (possibly none) to reach alignment to
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# the 16 byte boundary (A.2.3)
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len_cache = len(self._cache)
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if len_cache > 0:
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self._update(bchr(0) * (self.block_size - len_cache))
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def update(self, assoc_data):
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"""Protect associated data
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If there is any associated data, the caller has to invoke
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this function one or more times, before using
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``decrypt`` or ``encrypt``.
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By *associated data* it is meant any data (e.g. packet headers) that
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will not be encrypted and will be transmitted in the clear.
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However, the receiver is still able to detect any modification to it.
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In CCM, the *associated data* is also called
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*additional authenticated data* (AAD).
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If there is no associated data, this method must not be called.
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The caller may split associated data in segments of any size, and
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invoke this method multiple times, each time with the next segment.
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:Parameters:
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assoc_data : byte string
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A piece of associated data. There are no restrictions on its size.
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"""
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if self.update not in self._next:
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raise TypeError("update() can only be called"
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" immediately after initialization")
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self._next = [self.update, self.encrypt, self.decrypt,
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self.digest, self.verify]
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self._cumul_assoc_len += len(assoc_data)
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if self._assoc_len is not None and \
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self._cumul_assoc_len > self._assoc_len:
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raise ValueError("Associated data is too long")
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self._update(assoc_data)
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return self
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def _update(self, assoc_data_pt=b("")):
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"""Update the MAC with associated data or plaintext
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(without FSM checks)"""
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if self._mac_status == MacStatus.NOT_STARTED:
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self._cache.append(assoc_data_pt)
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return
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assert(byte_string(self._cache))
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assert(len(self._cache) < self.block_size)
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if len(self._cache) > 0:
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filler = min(self.block_size - len(self._cache),
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len(assoc_data_pt))
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self._cache += assoc_data_pt[:filler]
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assoc_data_pt = assoc_data_pt[filler:]
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if len(self._cache) < self.block_size:
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return
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# The cache is exactly one block
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self._t = self._mac.encrypt(self._cache)
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self._cache = b("")
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update_len = len(assoc_data_pt) // self.block_size * self.block_size
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self._cache = assoc_data_pt[update_len:]
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if update_len > 0:
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self._t = self._mac.encrypt(assoc_data_pt[:update_len])[-16:]
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def encrypt(self, plaintext):
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"""Encrypt data with the key set at initialization.
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A cipher object is stateful: once you have encrypted a message
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you cannot encrypt (or decrypt) another message using the same
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object.
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This method can be called only **once** if ``msg_len`` was
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not passed at initialization.
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If ``msg_len`` was given, the data to encrypt can be broken
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up in two or more pieces and `encrypt` can be called
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multiple times.
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That is, the statement:
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>>> c.encrypt(a) + c.encrypt(b)
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is equivalent to:
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>>> c.encrypt(a+b)
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This function does not add any padding to the plaintext.
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:Parameters:
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plaintext : byte string
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The piece of data to encrypt.
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It can be of any length.
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:Return:
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the encrypted data, as a byte string.
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It is as long as *plaintext*.
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"""
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if self.encrypt not in self._next:
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raise TypeError("encrypt() can only be called after"
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" initialization or an update()")
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self._next = [self.encrypt, self.digest]
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# No more associated data allowed from now
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if self._assoc_len is None:
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assert(isinstance(self._cache, list))
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self._assoc_len = sum([len(x) for x in self._cache])
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if self._msg_len is not None:
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self._start_mac()
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else:
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if self._cumul_assoc_len < self._assoc_len:
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raise ValueError("Associated data is too short")
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# Only once piece of plaintext accepted if message length was
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# not declared in advance
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if self._msg_len is None:
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self._msg_len = len(plaintext)
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self._start_mac()
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self._next = [self.digest]
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self._cumul_msg_len += len(plaintext)
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if self._cumul_msg_len > self._msg_len:
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raise ValueError("Message is too long")
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if self._mac_status == MacStatus.PROCESSING_AUTH_DATA:
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# Associated data is concatenated with the least number
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# of zero bytes (possibly none) to reach alignment to
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# the 16 byte boundary (A.2.3)
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self._pad_cache_and_update()
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self._mac_status = MacStatus.PROCESSING_PLAINTEXT
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self._update(plaintext)
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return self._cipher.encrypt(plaintext)
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def decrypt(self, ciphertext):
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"""Decrypt data with the key set at initialization.
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A cipher object is stateful: once you have decrypted a message
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you cannot decrypt (or encrypt) another message with the same
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object.
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This method can be called only **once** if ``msg_len`` was
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not passed at initialization.
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If ``msg_len`` was given, the data to decrypt can be
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broken up in two or more pieces and `decrypt` can be
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called multiple times.
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That is, the statement:
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>>> c.decrypt(a) + c.decrypt(b)
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is equivalent to:
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>>> c.decrypt(a+b)
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This function does not remove any padding from the plaintext.
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:Parameters:
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ciphertext : byte string
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The piece of data to decrypt.
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It can be of any length.
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:Return: the decrypted data (byte string).
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"""
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if self.decrypt not in self._next:
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raise TypeError("decrypt() can only be called"
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" after initialization or an update()")
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self._next = [self.decrypt, self.verify]
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# No more associated data allowed from now
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if self._assoc_len is None:
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assert(isinstance(self._cache, list))
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self._assoc_len = sum([len(x) for x in self._cache])
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if self._msg_len is not None:
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self._start_mac()
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else:
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if self._cumul_assoc_len < self._assoc_len:
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raise ValueError("Associated data is too short")
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# Only once piece of ciphertext accepted if message length was
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# not declared in advance
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if self._msg_len is None:
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self._msg_len = len(ciphertext)
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self._start_mac()
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self._next = [self.verify]
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self._cumul_msg_len += len(ciphertext)
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if self._cumul_msg_len > self._msg_len:
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raise ValueError("Message is too long")
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if self._mac_status == MacStatus.PROCESSING_AUTH_DATA:
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# Associated data is concatenated with the least number
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# of zero bytes (possibly none) to reach alignment to
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# the 16 byte boundary (A.2.3)
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self._pad_cache_and_update()
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self._mac_status = MacStatus.PROCESSING_PLAINTEXT
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# Encrypt is equivalent to decrypt with the CTR mode
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plaintext = self._cipher.encrypt(ciphertext)
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self._update(plaintext)
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return plaintext
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def digest(self):
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"""Compute the *binary* MAC tag.
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The caller invokes this function at the very end.
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This method returns the MAC that shall be sent to the receiver,
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together with the ciphertext.
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:Return: the MAC, as a byte string.
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"""
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if self.digest not in self._next:
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raise TypeError("digest() cannot be called when decrypting"
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" or validating a message")
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self._next = [self.digest]
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return self._digest()
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def _digest(self):
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if self._mac_tag:
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return self._mac_tag
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if self._assoc_len is None:
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assert(isinstance(self._cache, list))
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self._assoc_len = sum([len(x) for x in self._cache])
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if self._msg_len is not None:
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self._start_mac()
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else:
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if self._cumul_assoc_len < self._assoc_len:
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raise ValueError("Associated data is too short")
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if self._msg_len is None:
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self._msg_len = 0
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self._start_mac()
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if self._cumul_msg_len != self._msg_len:
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raise ValueError("Message is too short")
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# Both associated data and payload are concatenated with the least
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# number of zero bytes (possibly none) that align it to the
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# 16 byte boundary (A.2.2 and A.2.3)
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self._pad_cache_and_update()
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# Step 8 in 6.1 (T xor MSB_Tlen(S_0))
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self._mac_tag = strxor(self._t, self._s_0)[:self._mac_len]
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return self._mac_tag
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def hexdigest(self):
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"""Compute the *printable* MAC tag.
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This method is like `digest`.
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:Return: the MAC, as a hexadecimal string.
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"""
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return "".join(["%02x" % bord(x) for x in self.digest()])
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def verify(self, received_mac_tag):
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"""Validate the *binary* MAC tag.
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The caller invokes this function at the very end.
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This method checks if the decrypted message is indeed valid
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(that is, if the key is correct) and it has not been
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tampered with while in transit.
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:Parameters:
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received_mac_tag : byte string
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This is the *binary* MAC, as received from the sender.
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:Raises ValueError:
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if the MAC does not match. The message has been tampered with
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or the key is incorrect.
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"""
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if self.verify not in self._next:
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raise TypeError("verify() cannot be called"
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" when encrypting a message")
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self._next = [self.verify]
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self._digest()
|
|
secret = get_random_bytes(16)
|
|
|
|
mac1 = BLAKE2s.new(digest_bits=160, key=secret, data=self._mac_tag)
|
|
mac2 = BLAKE2s.new(digest_bits=160, key=secret, data=received_mac_tag)
|
|
|
|
if mac1.digest() != mac2.digest():
|
|
raise ValueError("MAC check failed")
|
|
|
|
def hexverify(self, hex_mac_tag):
|
|
"""Validate the *printable* MAC tag.
|
|
|
|
This method is like `verify`.
|
|
|
|
:Parameters:
|
|
hex_mac_tag : string
|
|
This is the *printable* MAC, as received from the sender.
|
|
:Raises ValueError:
|
|
if the MAC does not match. The message has been tampered with
|
|
or the key is incorrect.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
self.verify(unhexlify(hex_mac_tag))
|
|
|
|
def encrypt_and_digest(self, plaintext):
|
|
"""Perform encrypt() and digest() in one step.
|
|
|
|
:Parameters:
|
|
plaintext : byte string
|
|
The piece of data to encrypt.
|
|
:Return:
|
|
a tuple with two byte strings:
|
|
|
|
- the encrypted data
|
|
- the MAC
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
return self.encrypt(plaintext), self.digest()
|
|
|
|
def decrypt_and_verify(self, ciphertext, received_mac_tag):
|
|
"""Perform decrypt() and verify() in one step.
|
|
|
|
:Parameters:
|
|
ciphertext : byte string
|
|
The piece of data to decrypt.
|
|
received_mac_tag : byte string
|
|
This is the *binary* MAC, as received from the sender.
|
|
|
|
:Return: the decrypted data (byte string).
|
|
:Raises ValueError:
|
|
if the MAC does not match. The message has been tampered with
|
|
or the key is incorrect.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
plaintext = self.decrypt(ciphertext)
|
|
self.verify(received_mac_tag)
|
|
return plaintext
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _create_ccm_cipher(factory, **kwargs):
|
|
"""Create a new block cipher, configured in CCM mode.
|
|
|
|
:Parameters:
|
|
factory : module
|
|
A symmetric cipher module from `Crypto.Cipher` (like
|
|
`Crypto.Cipher.AES`).
|
|
|
|
:Keywords:
|
|
key : byte string
|
|
The secret key to use in the symmetric cipher.
|
|
|
|
nonce : byte string
|
|
A value that must never be reused for any other encryption.
|
|
|
|
Its length must be in the range ``[7..13]``.
|
|
11 or 12 bytes are reasonable values in general. Bear in
|
|
mind that with CCM there is a trade-off between nonce length and
|
|
maximum message size.
|
|
|
|
If not specified, a 11 byte long random string is used.
|
|
|
|
mac_len : integer
|
|
Length of the MAC, in bytes. It must be even and in
|
|
the range ``[4..16]``. The default is 16.
|
|
|
|
msg_len : integer
|
|
Length of the message to (de)cipher.
|
|
If not specified, ``encrypt`` or ``decrypt`` may only be called once.
|
|
|
|
assoc_len : integer
|
|
Length of the associated data.
|
|
If not specified, all data is internally buffered.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
key = key = kwargs.pop("key")
|
|
except KeyError as e:
|
|
raise TypeError("Missing parameter: " + str(e))
|
|
|
|
nonce = kwargs.pop("nonce", None) # N
|
|
if nonce is None:
|
|
nonce = get_random_bytes(11)
|
|
mac_len = kwargs.pop("mac_len", factory.block_size)
|
|
msg_len = kwargs.pop("msg_len", None) # p
|
|
assoc_len = kwargs.pop("assoc_len", None) # a
|
|
cipher_params = dict(kwargs)
|
|
|
|
return CcmMode(factory, key, nonce, mac_len, msg_len,
|
|
assoc_len, cipher_params)
|