""" Abstract base classes define the primitives for Tools. These tools are used by `matplotlib.backend_managers.ToolManager` :class:`ToolBase` Simple stateless tool :class:`ToolToggleBase` Tool that has two states, only one Toggle tool can be active at any given time for the same `matplotlib.backend_managers.ToolManager` """ from enum import IntEnum import logging import re import time from types import SimpleNamespace import uuid from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary import numpy as np import matplotlib as mpl from matplotlib._pylab_helpers import Gcf import matplotlib.cbook as cbook _log = logging.getLogger(__name__) class Cursors(IntEnum): # Must subclass int for the macOS backend. """Backend-independent cursor types.""" HAND, POINTER, SELECT_REGION, MOVE, WAIT = range(5) cursors = Cursors # Backcompat. # Views positions tool _views_positions = 'viewpos' class ToolBase: """ Base tool class. A base tool, only implements `trigger` method or not method at all. The tool is instantiated by `matplotlib.backend_managers.ToolManager`. Attributes ---------- toolmanager : `matplotlib.backend_managers.ToolManager` ToolManager that controls this Tool. figure : `FigureCanvas` Figure instance that is affected by this Tool. name : str Used as **Id** of the tool, has to be unique among tools of the same ToolManager. """ default_keymap = None """ Keymap to associate with this tool. **String**: List of comma separated keys that will be used to call this tool when the keypress event of ``self.figure.canvas`` is emitted. """ description = None """ Description of the Tool. **String**: If the Tool is included in the Toolbar this text is used as a Tooltip. """ image = None """ Filename of the image. **String**: Filename of the image to use in the toolbar. If None, the *name* is used as a label in the toolbar button. """ def __init__(self, toolmanager, name): cbook._warn_external( 'The new Tool classes introduced in v1.5 are experimental; their ' 'API (including names) will likely change in future versions.') self._name = name self._toolmanager = toolmanager self._figure = None @property def figure(self): return self._figure @figure.setter def figure(self, figure): self.set_figure(figure) @property def canvas(self): if not self._figure: return None return self._figure.canvas @property def toolmanager(self): return self._toolmanager def _make_classic_style_pseudo_toolbar(self): """ Return a placeholder object with a single `canvas` attribute. This is useful to reuse the implementations of tools already provided by the classic Toolbars. """ return SimpleNamespace(canvas=self.canvas) def set_figure(self, figure): """ Assign a figure to the tool. Parameters ---------- figure : `.Figure` """ self._figure = figure def trigger(self, sender, event, data=None): """ Called when this tool gets used. This method is called by `matplotlib.backend_managers.ToolManager.trigger_tool`. Parameters ---------- event : `.Event` The canvas event that caused this tool to be called. sender : object Object that requested the tool to be triggered. data : object Extra data. """ pass @property def name(self): """Tool Id.""" return self._name def destroy(self): """ Destroy the tool. This method is called when the tool is removed by `matplotlib.backend_managers.ToolManager.remove_tool`. """ pass class ToolToggleBase(ToolBase): """ Toggleable tool. Every time it is triggered, it switches between enable and disable. Parameters ---------- ``*args`` Variable length argument to be used by the Tool. ``**kwargs`` `toggled` if present and True, sets the initial state of the Tool Arbitrary keyword arguments to be consumed by the Tool """ radio_group = None """Attribute to group 'radio' like tools (mutually exclusive). **String** that identifies the group or **None** if not belonging to a group. """ cursor = None """Cursor to use when the tool is active.""" default_toggled = False """Default of toggled state.""" def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): self._toggled = kwargs.pop('toggled', self.default_toggled) ToolBase.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) def trigger(self, sender, event, data=None): """Calls `enable` or `disable` based on `toggled` value.""" if self._toggled: self.disable(event) else: self.enable(event) self._toggled = not self._toggled def enable(self, event=None): """ Enable the toggle tool. `trigger` calls this method when `toggled` is False. """ pass def disable(self, event=None): """ Disable the toggle tool. `trigger` call this method when `toggled` is True. This can happen in different circumstances. * Click on the toolbar tool button. * Call to `matplotlib.backend_managers.ToolManager.trigger_tool`. * Another `ToolToggleBase` derived tool is triggered (from the same `.ToolManager`). """ pass @property def toggled(self): """State of the toggled tool.""" return self._toggled def set_figure(self, figure): toggled = self.toggled if toggled: if self.figure: self.trigger(self, None) else: # if no figure the internal state is not changed # we change it here so next call to trigger will change it back self._toggled = False ToolBase.set_figure(self, figure) if toggled: if figure: self.trigger(self, None) else: # if there is no figure, trigger won't change the internal # state we change it back self._toggled = True class SetCursorBase(ToolBase): """ Change to the current cursor while inaxes. This tool, keeps track of all `ToolToggleBase` derived tools, and calls `set_cursor` when a tool gets triggered. """ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): ToolBase.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) self._id_drag = None self._cursor = None self._default_cursor = cursors.POINTER self._last_cursor = self._default_cursor self.toolmanager.toolmanager_connect('tool_added_event', self._add_tool_cbk) # process current tools for tool in self.toolmanager.tools.values(): self._add_tool(tool) def set_figure(self, figure): if self._id_drag: self.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._id_drag) ToolBase.set_figure(self, figure) if figure: self._id_drag = self.canvas.mpl_connect( 'motion_notify_event', self._set_cursor_cbk) def _tool_trigger_cbk(self, event): if event.tool.toggled: self._cursor = event.tool.cursor else: self._cursor = None self._set_cursor_cbk(event.canvasevent) def _add_tool(self, tool): """Set the cursor when the tool is triggered.""" if getattr(tool, 'cursor', None) is not None: self.toolmanager.toolmanager_connect('tool_trigger_%s' % tool.name, self._tool_trigger_cbk) def _add_tool_cbk(self, event): """Process every newly added tool.""" if event.tool is self: return self._add_tool(event.tool) def _set_cursor_cbk(self, event): if not event: return if not getattr(event, 'inaxes', False) or not self._cursor: if self._last_cursor != self._default_cursor: self.set_cursor(self._default_cursor) self._last_cursor = self._default_cursor elif self._cursor: cursor = self._cursor if cursor and self._last_cursor != cursor: self.set_cursor(cursor) self._last_cursor = cursor def set_cursor(self, cursor): """ Set the cursor. This method has to be implemented per backend. """ raise NotImplementedError class ToolCursorPosition(ToolBase): """ Send message with the current pointer position. This tool runs in the background reporting the position of the cursor. """ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): self._id_drag = None ToolBase.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) def set_figure(self, figure): if self._id_drag: self.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._id_drag) ToolBase.set_figure(self, figure) if figure: self._id_drag = self.canvas.mpl_connect( 'motion_notify_event', self.send_message) def send_message(self, event): """Call `matplotlib.backend_managers.ToolManager.message_event`.""" if self.toolmanager.messagelock.locked(): return message = ' ' if event.inaxes and event.inaxes.get_navigate(): try: s = event.inaxes.format_coord(event.xdata, event.ydata) except (ValueError, OverflowError): pass else: artists = [a for a in event.inaxes._mouseover_set if a.contains(event) and a.get_visible()] if artists: a = cbook._topmost_artist(artists) if a is not event.inaxes.patch: data = a.get_cursor_data(event) if data is not None: data_str = a.format_cursor_data(data) if data_str is not None: s = s + ' ' + data_str message = s self.toolmanager.message_event(message, self) class RubberbandBase(ToolBase): """Draw and remove a rubberband.""" def trigger(self, sender, event, data): """Call `draw_rubberband` or `remove_rubberband` based on data.""" if not self.figure.canvas.widgetlock.available(sender): return if data is not None: self.draw_rubberband(*data) else: self.remove_rubberband() def draw_rubberband(self, *data): """ Draw rubberband. This method must get implemented per backend. """ raise NotImplementedError def remove_rubberband(self): """ Remove rubberband. This method should get implemented per backend. """ pass class ToolQuit(ToolBase): """Tool to call the figure manager destroy method.""" description = 'Quit the figure' default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.quit'] def trigger(self, sender, event, data=None): Gcf.destroy_fig(self.figure) class ToolQuitAll(ToolBase): """Tool to call the figure manager destroy method.""" description = 'Quit all figures' default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.quit_all'] def trigger(self, sender, event, data=None): Gcf.destroy_all() class _ToolEnableAllNavigation(ToolBase): """Tool to enable all axes for toolmanager interaction.""" description = 'Enable all axes toolmanager' default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.all_axes'] def trigger(self, sender, event, data=None): mpl.backend_bases.key_press_handler(event, self.figure.canvas, None) @cbook.deprecated("3.3") class ToolEnableAllNavigation(_ToolEnableAllNavigation): pass class _ToolEnableNavigation(ToolBase): """Tool to enable a specific axes for toolmanager interaction.""" description = 'Enable one axes toolmanager' default_keymap = ('1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9') def trigger(self, sender, event, data=None): mpl.backend_bases.key_press_handler(event, self.figure.canvas, None) @cbook.deprecated("3.3") class ToolEnableNavigation(_ToolEnableNavigation): pass class ToolGrid(ToolBase): """Tool to toggle the major grids of the figure.""" description = 'Toggle major grids' default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.grid'] def trigger(self, sender, event, data=None): sentinel = str(uuid.uuid4()) # Trigger grid switching by temporarily setting :rc:`keymap.grid` # to a unique key and sending an appropriate event. with cbook._setattr_cm(event, key=sentinel), \ mpl.rc_context({'keymap.grid': sentinel}): mpl.backend_bases.key_press_handler(event, self.figure.canvas) class ToolMinorGrid(ToolBase): """Tool to toggle the major and minor grids of the figure.""" description = 'Toggle major and minor grids' default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.grid_minor'] def trigger(self, sender, event, data=None): sentinel = str(uuid.uuid4()) # Trigger grid switching by temporarily setting :rc:`keymap.grid_minor` # to a unique key and sending an appropriate event. with cbook._setattr_cm(event, key=sentinel), \ mpl.rc_context({'keymap.grid_minor': sentinel}): mpl.backend_bases.key_press_handler(event, self.figure.canvas) class ToolFullScreen(ToolToggleBase): """Tool to toggle full screen.""" description = 'Toggle fullscreen mode' default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.fullscreen'] def enable(self, event): self.figure.canvas.manager.full_screen_toggle() def disable(self, event): self.figure.canvas.manager.full_screen_toggle() class AxisScaleBase(ToolToggleBase): """Base Tool to toggle between linear and logarithmic.""" def trigger(self, sender, event, data=None): if event.inaxes is None: return ToolToggleBase.trigger(self, sender, event, data) def enable(self, event): self.set_scale(event.inaxes, 'log') self.figure.canvas.draw_idle() def disable(self, event): self.set_scale(event.inaxes, 'linear') self.figure.canvas.draw_idle() class ToolYScale(AxisScaleBase): """Tool to toggle between linear and logarithmic scales on the Y axis.""" description = 'Toggle scale Y axis' default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.yscale'] def set_scale(self, ax, scale): ax.set_yscale(scale) class ToolXScale(AxisScaleBase): """Tool to toggle between linear and logarithmic scales on the X axis.""" description = 'Toggle scale X axis' default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.xscale'] def set_scale(self, ax, scale): ax.set_xscale(scale) class ToolViewsPositions(ToolBase): """ Auxiliary Tool to handle changes in views and positions. Runs in the background and should get used by all the tools that need to access the figure's history of views and positions, e.g. * `ToolZoom` * `ToolPan` * `ToolHome` * `ToolBack` * `ToolForward` """ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): self.views = WeakKeyDictionary() self.positions = WeakKeyDictionary() self.home_views = WeakKeyDictionary() ToolBase.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs) def add_figure(self, figure): """Add the current figure to the stack of views and positions.""" if figure not in self.views: self.views[figure] = cbook.Stack() self.positions[figure] = cbook.Stack() self.home_views[figure] = WeakKeyDictionary() # Define Home self.push_current(figure) # Make sure we add a home view for new axes as they're added figure.add_axobserver(lambda fig: self.update_home_views(fig)) def clear(self, figure): """Reset the axes stack.""" if figure in self.views: self.views[figure].clear() self.positions[figure].clear() self.home_views[figure].clear() self.update_home_views() def update_view(self): """ Update the view limits and position for each axes from the current stack position. If any axes are present in the figure that aren't in the current stack position, use the home view limits for those axes and don't update *any* positions. """ views = self.views[self.figure]() if views is None: return pos = self.positions[self.figure]() if pos is None: return home_views = self.home_views[self.figure] all_axes = self.figure.get_axes() for a in all_axes: if a in views: cur_view = views[a] else: cur_view = home_views[a] a._set_view(cur_view) if set(all_axes).issubset(pos): for a in all_axes: # Restore both the original and modified positions a._set_position(pos[a][0], 'original') a._set_position(pos[a][1], 'active') self.figure.canvas.draw_idle() def push_current(self, figure=None): """ Push the current view limits and position onto their respective stacks. """ if not figure: figure = self.figure views = WeakKeyDictionary() pos = WeakKeyDictionary() for a in figure.get_axes(): views[a] = a._get_view() pos[a] = self._axes_pos(a) self.views[figure].push(views) self.positions[figure].push(pos) def _axes_pos(self, ax): """ Return the original and modified positions for the specified axes. Parameters ---------- ax : matplotlib.axes.Axes The `.Axes` to get the positions for. Returns ------- original_position, modified_position A tuple of the original and modified positions. """ return (ax.get_position(True).frozen(), ax.get_position().frozen()) def update_home_views(self, figure=None): """ Make sure that ``self.home_views`` has an entry for all axes present in the figure. """ if not figure: figure = self.figure for a in figure.get_axes(): if a not in self.home_views[figure]: self.home_views[figure][a] = a._get_view() @cbook.deprecated("3.3", alternative="self.figure.canvas.draw_idle()") def refresh_locators(self): """Redraw the canvases, update the locators.""" self._refresh_locators() # Can be removed once Locator.refresh() is removed, and replaced by an # inline call to self.figure.canvas.draw_idle(). def _refresh_locators(self): for a in self.figure.get_axes(): xaxis = getattr(a, 'xaxis', None) yaxis = getattr(a, 'yaxis', None) zaxis = getattr(a, 'zaxis', None) locators = [] if xaxis is not None: locators.append(xaxis.get_major_locator()) locators.append(xaxis.get_minor_locator()) if yaxis is not None: locators.append(yaxis.get_major_locator()) locators.append(yaxis.get_minor_locator()) if zaxis is not None: locators.append(zaxis.get_major_locator()) locators.append(zaxis.get_minor_locator()) for loc in locators: mpl.ticker._if_refresh_overridden_call_and_emit_deprec(loc) self.figure.canvas.draw_idle() def home(self): """Recall the first view and position from the stack.""" self.views[self.figure].home() self.positions[self.figure].home() def back(self): """Back one step in the stack of views and positions.""" self.views[self.figure].back() self.positions[self.figure].back() def forward(self): """Forward one step in the stack of views and positions.""" self.views[self.figure].forward() self.positions[self.figure].forward() class ViewsPositionsBase(ToolBase): """Base class for `ToolHome`, `ToolBack` and `ToolForward`.""" _on_trigger = None def trigger(self, sender, event, data=None): self.toolmanager.get_tool(_views_positions).add_figure(self.figure) getattr(self.toolmanager.get_tool(_views_positions), self._on_trigger)() self.toolmanager.get_tool(_views_positions).update_view() class ToolHome(ViewsPositionsBase): """Restore the original view limits.""" description = 'Reset original view' image = 'home' default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.home'] _on_trigger = 'home' class ToolBack(ViewsPositionsBase): """Move back up the view limits stack.""" description = 'Back to previous view' image = 'back' default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.back'] _on_trigger = 'back' class ToolForward(ViewsPositionsBase): """Move forward in the view lim stack.""" description = 'Forward to next view' image = 'forward' default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.forward'] _on_trigger = 'forward' class ConfigureSubplotsBase(ToolBase): """Base tool for the configuration of subplots.""" description = 'Configure subplots' image = 'subplots' class SaveFigureBase(ToolBase): """Base tool for figure saving.""" description = 'Save the figure' image = 'filesave' default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.save'] class ZoomPanBase(ToolToggleBase): """Base class for `ToolZoom` and `ToolPan`.""" def __init__(self, *args): ToolToggleBase.__init__(self, *args) self._button_pressed = None self._xypress = None self._idPress = None self._idRelease = None self._idScroll = None self.base_scale = 2. self.scrollthresh = .5 # .5 second scroll threshold self.lastscroll = time.time()-self.scrollthresh def enable(self, event): """Connect press/release events and lock the canvas.""" self.figure.canvas.widgetlock(self) self._idPress = self.figure.canvas.mpl_connect( 'button_press_event', self._press) self._idRelease = self.figure.canvas.mpl_connect( 'button_release_event', self._release) self._idScroll = self.figure.canvas.mpl_connect( 'scroll_event', self.scroll_zoom) def disable(self, event): """Release the canvas and disconnect press/release events.""" self._cancel_action() self.figure.canvas.widgetlock.release(self) self.figure.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._idPress) self.figure.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._idRelease) self.figure.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._idScroll) def trigger(self, sender, event, data=None): self.toolmanager.get_tool(_views_positions).add_figure(self.figure) ToolToggleBase.trigger(self, sender, event, data) def scroll_zoom(self, event): # https://gist.github.com/tacaswell/3144287 if event.inaxes is None: return if event.button == 'up': # deal with zoom in scl = self.base_scale elif event.button == 'down': # deal with zoom out scl = 1/self.base_scale else: # deal with something that should never happen scl = 1 ax = event.inaxes ax._set_view_from_bbox([event.x, event.y, scl]) # If last scroll was done within the timing threshold, delete the # previous view if (time.time()-self.lastscroll) < self.scrollthresh: self.toolmanager.get_tool(_views_positions).back() self.figure.canvas.draw_idle() # force re-draw self.lastscroll = time.time() self.toolmanager.get_tool(_views_positions).push_current() class ToolZoom(ZoomPanBase): """A Tool for zooming using a rectangle selector.""" description = 'Zoom to rectangle' image = 'zoom_to_rect' default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.zoom'] cursor = cursors.SELECT_REGION radio_group = 'default' def __init__(self, *args): ZoomPanBase.__init__(self, *args) self._ids_zoom = [] def _cancel_action(self): for zoom_id in self._ids_zoom: self.figure.canvas.mpl_disconnect(zoom_id) self.toolmanager.trigger_tool('rubberband', self) self.toolmanager.get_tool(_views_positions)._refresh_locators() self._xypress = None self._button_pressed = None self._ids_zoom = [] return def _press(self, event): """Callback for mouse button presses in zoom-to-rectangle mode.""" # If we're already in the middle of a zoom, pressing another # button works to "cancel" if self._ids_zoom: self._cancel_action() if event.button == 1: self._button_pressed = 1 elif event.button == 3: self._button_pressed = 3 else: self._cancel_action() return x, y = event.x, event.y self._xypress = [] for i, a in enumerate(self.figure.get_axes()): if (x is not None and y is not None and a.in_axes(event) and a.get_navigate() and a.can_zoom()): self._xypress.append((x, y, a, i, a._get_view())) id1 = self.figure.canvas.mpl_connect( 'motion_notify_event', self._mouse_move) id2 = self.figure.canvas.mpl_connect( 'key_press_event', self._switch_on_zoom_mode) id3 = self.figure.canvas.mpl_connect( 'key_release_event', self._switch_off_zoom_mode) self._ids_zoom = id1, id2, id3 self._zoom_mode = event.key def _switch_on_zoom_mode(self, event): self._zoom_mode = event.key self._mouse_move(event) def _switch_off_zoom_mode(self, event): self._zoom_mode = None self._mouse_move(event) def _mouse_move(self, event): """Callback for mouse moves in zoom-to-rectangle mode.""" if self._xypress: x, y = event.x, event.y lastx, lasty, a, ind, view = self._xypress[0] (x1, y1), (x2, y2) = np.clip( [[lastx, lasty], [x, y]], a.bbox.min, a.bbox.max) if self._zoom_mode == "x": y1, y2 = a.bbox.intervaly elif self._zoom_mode == "y": x1, x2 = a.bbox.intervalx self.toolmanager.trigger_tool( 'rubberband', self, data=(x1, y1, x2, y2)) def _release(self, event): """Callback for mouse button releases in zoom-to-rectangle mode.""" for zoom_id in self._ids_zoom: self.figure.canvas.mpl_disconnect(zoom_id) self._ids_zoom = [] if not self._xypress: self._cancel_action() return last_a = [] for cur_xypress in self._xypress: x, y = event.x, event.y lastx, lasty, a, _ind, view = cur_xypress # ignore singular clicks - 5 pixels is a threshold if abs(x - lastx) < 5 or abs(y - lasty) < 5: self._cancel_action() return # detect twinx, twiny axes and avoid double zooming twinx, twiny = False, False if last_a: for la in last_a: if a.get_shared_x_axes().joined(a, la): twinx = True if a.get_shared_y_axes().joined(a, la): twiny = True last_a.append(a) if self._button_pressed == 1: direction = 'in' elif self._button_pressed == 3: direction = 'out' else: continue a._set_view_from_bbox((lastx, lasty, x, y), direction, self._zoom_mode, twinx, twiny) self._zoom_mode = None self.toolmanager.get_tool(_views_positions).push_current() self._cancel_action() class ToolPan(ZoomPanBase): """Pan axes with left mouse, zoom with right.""" default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.pan'] description = 'Pan axes with left mouse, zoom with right' image = 'move' cursor = cursors.MOVE radio_group = 'default' def __init__(self, *args): ZoomPanBase.__init__(self, *args) self._id_drag = None def _cancel_action(self): self._button_pressed = None self._xypress = [] self.figure.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._id_drag) self.toolmanager.messagelock.release(self) self.toolmanager.get_tool(_views_positions)._refresh_locators() def _press(self, event): if event.button == 1: self._button_pressed = 1 elif event.button == 3: self._button_pressed = 3 else: self._cancel_action() return x, y = event.x, event.y self._xypress = [] for i, a in enumerate(self.figure.get_axes()): if (x is not None and y is not None and a.in_axes(event) and a.get_navigate() and a.can_pan()): a.start_pan(x, y, event.button) self._xypress.append((a, i)) self.toolmanager.messagelock(self) self._id_drag = self.figure.canvas.mpl_connect( 'motion_notify_event', self._mouse_move) def _release(self, event): if self._button_pressed is None: self._cancel_action() return self.figure.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._id_drag) self.toolmanager.messagelock.release(self) for a, _ind in self._xypress: a.end_pan() if not self._xypress: self._cancel_action() return self.toolmanager.get_tool(_views_positions).push_current() self._cancel_action() def _mouse_move(self, event): for a, _ind in self._xypress: # safer to use the recorded button at the _press than current # button: # multiple button can get pressed during motion... a.drag_pan(self._button_pressed, event.key, event.x, event.y) self.toolmanager.canvas.draw_idle() class ToolHelpBase(ToolBase): description = 'Print tool list, shortcuts and description' default_keymap = mpl.rcParams['keymap.help'] image = 'help' @staticmethod def format_shortcut(key_sequence): """ Converts a shortcut string from the notation used in rc config to the standard notation for displaying shortcuts, e.g. 'ctrl+a' -> 'Ctrl+A'. """ return (key_sequence if len(key_sequence) == 1 else re.sub(r"\+[A-Z]", r"+Shift\g<0>", key_sequence).title()) def _format_tool_keymap(self, name): keymaps = self.toolmanager.get_tool_keymap(name) return ", ".join(self.format_shortcut(keymap) for keymap in keymaps) def _get_help_entries(self): return [(name, self._format_tool_keymap(name), tool.description) for name, tool in sorted(self.toolmanager.tools.items()) if tool.description] def _get_help_text(self): entries = self._get_help_entries() entries = ["{}: {}\n\t{}".format(*entry) for entry in entries] return "\n".join(entries) def _get_help_html(self): fmt = "