# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# imageio is distributed under the terms of the (new) BSD License.

"""
These functions represent imageio's main interface for the user. They
provide a common API to read and write image data for a large
variety of formats. All read and write functions accept keyword
arguments, which are passed on to the format that does the actual work.
To see what keyword arguments are supported by a specific format, use
the :func:`.help` function.

Functions for reading:

  * :func:`.imread` - read an image from the specified uri
  * :func:`.mimread` - read a series of images from the specified uri
  * :func:`.volread` - read a volume from the specified uri
  * :func:`.mvolread` - read a series of volumes from the specified uri

Functions for saving:

  * :func:`.imwrite` - write an image to the specified uri
  * :func:`.mimwrite` - write a series of images to the specified uri
  * :func:`.volwrite` - write a volume to the specified uri
  * :func:`.mvolwrite` - write a series of volumes to the specified uri

More control:

For a larger degree of control, imageio provides functions
:func:`.get_reader` and :func:`.get_writer`. They respectively return an
:class:`.Reader` and an :class:`.Writer` object, which can
be used to read/write data and meta data in a more controlled manner.
This also allows specific scientific formats to be exposed in a way
that best suits that file-format.

----

All read-functions return images as numpy arrays, and have a ``meta``
attribute; the meta-data dictionary can be accessed with ``im.meta``.
To make this work, imageio actually makes use of a subclass of
``np.ndarray``. If needed, the image can be converted to a plain numpy
array using ``np.asarray(im)``.

----

Supported resource URI's:

All functions described here accept a URI to describe the resource to
read from or write to. These can be a wide range of things. (Imageio
takes care of handling the URI so that plugins can access the data in
an easy way.)

For reading and writing:

* a normal filename, e.g. ``'c:\\foo\\bar.png'``
* a file in a zipfile, e.g. ``'c:\\foo\\bar.zip\\eggs.png'``
* a file object with a ``read()`` / ``write()`` method.

For reading:

* an http/ftp address, e.g. ``'http://example.com/foo.png'``
* the raw bytes of an image file
* ``get_reader("<video0>")`` to grab images from a (web) camera.
* ``imread("<screen>")`` to grab a screenshot (on Windows or OS X).
* ``imread("<clipboard>")`` to grab an image from the clipboard (on Windows).

For writing one can also use ``'<bytes>'`` or ``imageio.RETURN_BYTES`` to
make a write function return the bytes instead of writing to a file.

Note that reading from HTTP and zipfiles works for many formats including
png and jpeg, but may not work for all formats (some plugins "seek" the
file object, which HTTP/zip streams do not support). In such a case one
can download/extract the file first. For HTTP one can use something
like ``imageio.imread(imageio.core.urlopen(url).read(), '.gif')``.

"""

from numbers import Number
import re

import numpy as np

from . import Request, RETURN_BYTES
from .. import formats
from .format import MODENAMES


MEMTEST_DEFAULT_MIM = "256MB"
MEMTEST_DEFAULT_MVOL = "1GB"


mem_re = re.compile(r"^(\d+\.?\d*)\s*([kKMGTPEZY]?i?)B?$")
sizes = {"": 1, None: 1}
for i, si in enumerate([""] + list("kMGTPEZY")):
    sizes[si] = 1000 ** i
    if si:
        sizes[si.upper() + "i"] = 1024 ** i


def to_nbytes(arg, default=None):
    if not arg:
        return None

    if arg is True:
        return default

    if isinstance(arg, Number):
        return arg

    match = mem_re.match(arg)
    if match is None:
        raise ValueError(
            "Memory size could not be parsed "
            "(is your capitalisation correct?): {}".format(arg)
        )

    num, unit = match.groups()

    try:
        return float(num) * sizes[unit]
    except KeyError:
        raise ValueError(
            "Memory size unit not recognised "
            "(is your capitalisation correct?): {}".format(unit)
        )


def help(name=None):
    """ help(name=None)

    Print the documentation of the format specified by name, or a list
    of supported formats if name is omitted.

    Parameters
    ----------
    name : str
        Can be the name of a format, a filename extension, or a full
        filename. See also the :doc:`formats page <formats>`.
    """
    if not name:
        print(formats)
    else:
        print(formats[name])


## Base functions that return a reader/writer


def get_reader(uri, format=None, mode="?", **kwargs):
    """ get_reader(uri, format=None, mode='?', **kwargs)

    Returns a :class:`.Reader` object which can be used to read data
    and meta data from the specified file.

    Parameters
    ----------
    uri : {str, pathlib.Path, bytes, file}
        The resource to load the image from, e.g. a filename, pathlib.Path,
        http address or file object, see the docs for more info.
    format : str
        The format to use to read the file. By default imageio selects
        the appropriate for you based on the filename and its contents.
    mode : {'i', 'I', 'v', 'V', '?'}
        Used to give the reader a hint on what the user expects (default "?"):
        "i" for an image, "I" for multiple images, "v" for a volume,
        "V" for multiple volumes, "?" for don't care.
    kwargs : ...
        Further keyword arguments are passed to the reader. See :func:`.help`
        to see what arguments are available for a particular format.
    """

    # Create request object
    request = Request(uri, "r" + mode, **kwargs)

    # Get format
    if format is not None:
        format = formats[format]
    else:
        format = formats.search_read_format(request)
    if format is None:
        modename = MODENAMES.get(mode, mode)
        raise ValueError(
            "Could not find a format to read the specified file in %s mode" % modename
        )

    # Return its reader object
    return format.get_reader(request)


def get_writer(uri, format=None, mode="?", **kwargs):
    """ get_writer(uri, format=None, mode='?', **kwargs)

    Returns a :class:`.Writer` object which can be used to write data
    and meta data to the specified file.

    Parameters
    ----------
    uri : {str, pathlib.Path, file}
        The resource to write the image to, e.g. a filename, pathlib.Path
        or file object, see the docs for more info.
    format : str
        The format to use to write the file. By default imageio selects
        the appropriate for you based on the filename.
    mode : {'i', 'I', 'v', 'V', '?'}
        Used to give the writer a hint on what the user expects (default '?'):
        "i" for an image, "I" for multiple images, "v" for a volume,
        "V" for multiple volumes, "?" for don't care.
    kwargs : ...
        Further keyword arguments are passed to the writer. See :func:`.help`
        to see what arguments are available for a particular format.
    """

    # Signal extension when returning as bytes, needed by e.g. ffmpeg
    if uri == RETURN_BYTES and isinstance(format, str):
        uri = RETURN_BYTES + "." + format.strip(". ")

    # Create request object
    request = Request(uri, "w" + mode, **kwargs)

    # Get format
    if format is not None:
        format = formats[format]
    else:
        format = formats.search_write_format(request)
    if format is None:
        modename = MODENAMES.get(mode, mode)
        raise ValueError(
            "Could not find a format to write the specified file in %s mode" % modename
        )

    # Return its writer object
    return format.get_writer(request)


## Images


def imread(uri, format=None, **kwargs):
    """ imread(uri, format=None, **kwargs)

    Reads an image from the specified file. Returns a numpy array, which
    comes with a dict of meta data at its 'meta' attribute.

    Note that the image data is returned as-is, and may not always have
    a dtype of uint8 (and thus may differ from what e.g. PIL returns).

    Parameters
    ----------
    uri : {str, pathlib.Path, bytes, file}
        The resource to load the image from, e.g. a filename, pathlib.Path,
        http address or file object, see the docs for more info.
    format : str
        The format to use to read the file. By default imageio selects
        the appropriate for you based on the filename and its contents.
    kwargs : ...
        Further keyword arguments are passed to the reader. See :func:`.help`
        to see what arguments are available for a particular format.
    """

    if "mode" in kwargs:
        raise TypeError(
            'Invalid keyword argument "mode", ' 'perhaps you mean "pilmode"?'
        )

    # Get reader and read first
    reader = read(uri, format, "i", **kwargs)
    with reader:
        return reader.get_data(0)


def imwrite(uri, im, format=None, **kwargs):
    """ imwrite(uri, im, format=None, **kwargs)

    Write an image to the specified file.

    Parameters
    ----------
    uri : {str, pathlib.Path, file}
        The resource to write the image to, e.g. a filename, pathlib.Path
        or file object, see the docs for more info.
    im : numpy.ndarray
        The image data. Must be NxM, NxMx3 or NxMx4.
    format : str
        The format to use to read the file. By default imageio selects
        the appropriate for you based on the filename and its contents.
    kwargs : ...
        Further keyword arguments are passed to the writer. See :func:`.help`
        to see what arguments are available for a particular format.
    """

    # Test image
    imt = type(im)
    im = np.asanyarray(im)
    if not np.issubdtype(im.dtype, np.number):
        raise ValueError("Image is not numeric, but {}.".format(imt.__name__))
    elif im.ndim == 2:
        pass
    elif im.ndim == 3 and im.shape[2] in [1, 3, 4]:
        pass
    else:
        raise ValueError("Image must be 2D (grayscale, RGB, or RGBA).")

    # Get writer and write first
    writer = get_writer(uri, format, "i", **kwargs)
    with writer:
        writer.append_data(im)

    # Return a result if there is any
    return writer.request.get_result()


## Multiple images


def mimread(uri, format=None, memtest=MEMTEST_DEFAULT_MIM, **kwargs):
    """ mimread(uri, format=None, memtest="256MB", **kwargs)

    Reads multiple images from the specified file. Returns a list of
    numpy arrays, each with a dict of meta data at its 'meta' attribute.

    Parameters
    ----------
    uri : {str, pathlib.Path, bytes, file}
        The resource to load the images from, e.g. a filename,pathlib.Path,
        http address or file object, see the docs for more info.
    format : str
        The format to use to read the file. By default imageio selects
        the appropriate for you based on the filename and its contents.
    memtest : {bool, int, float, str}
        If truthy, this function will raise an error if the resulting
        list of images consumes greater than the amount of memory specified.
        This is to protect the system from using so much memory that it needs
        to resort to swapping, and thereby stall the computer. E.g.
        ``mimread('hunger_games.avi')``.

        If the argument is a number, that will be used as the threshold number
        of bytes.

        If the argument is a string, it will be interpreted as a number of bytes with
        SI/IEC prefixed units (e.g. '1kB', '250MiB', '80.3YB').

        - Units are case sensitive
        - k, M etc. represent a 1000-fold change, where Ki, Mi etc. represent 1024-fold
        - The "B" is optional, but if present, must be capitalised

        If the argument is True, the default will be used, for compatibility reasons.

        Default: '256MB'
    kwargs : ...
        Further keyword arguments are passed to the reader. See :func:`.help`
        to see what arguments are available for a particular format.
    """

    # Get reader
    reader = read(uri, format, "I", **kwargs)
    nbyte_limit = to_nbytes(memtest, MEMTEST_DEFAULT_MIM)

    # Read
    ims = []
    nbytes = 0
    for im in reader:
        ims.append(im)
        # Memory check
        nbytes += im.nbytes
        if nbyte_limit and nbytes > nbyte_limit:
            ims[:] = []  # clear to free the memory
            raise RuntimeError(
                "imageio.mimread() has read over {}B of "
                "image data.\nStopped to avoid memory problems."
                " Use imageio.get_reader(), increase threshold, or memtest=False".format(
                    int(nbyte_limit)
                )
            )

    return ims


def mimwrite(uri, ims, format=None, **kwargs):
    """ mimwrite(uri, ims, format=None, **kwargs)

    Write multiple images to the specified file.

    Parameters
    ----------
    uri : {str, pathlib.Path, file}
        The resource to write the images to, e.g. a filename, pathlib.Path
        or file object, see the docs for more info.
    ims : sequence of numpy arrays
        The image data. Each array must be NxM, NxMx3 or NxMx4.
    format : str
        The format to use to read the file. By default imageio selects
        the appropriate for you based on the filename and its contents.
    kwargs : ...
        Further keyword arguments are passed to the writer. See :func:`.help`
        to see what arguments are available for a particular format.
    """
    # Get writer
    writer = get_writer(uri, format, "I", **kwargs)
    written = 0

    with writer:

        # Iterate over images (ims may be a generator)
        for im in ims:

            # Test image
            imt = type(im)
            im = np.asanyarray(im)
            if not np.issubdtype(im.dtype, np.number):
                raise ValueError("Image is not numeric, but {}.".format(imt.__name__))
            elif im.ndim == 2:
                pass
            elif im.ndim == 3 and im.shape[2] in [1, 3, 4]:
                pass
            else:
                raise ValueError("Image must be 2D " "(grayscale, RGB, or RGBA).")

            # Add image
            writer.append_data(im)
            written += 1

    # Check that something was written. Check after writing, because ims might
    # be a generator. The damage is done, but we want to error when it happens.
    if not written:
        raise RuntimeError("Zero images were written.")

    # Return a result if there is any
    return writer.request.get_result()


## Volumes


def volread(uri, format=None, **kwargs):
    """ volread(uri, format=None, **kwargs)

    Reads a volume from the specified file. Returns a numpy array, which
    comes with a dict of meta data at its 'meta' attribute.

    Parameters
    ----------
    uri : {str, pathlib.Path, bytes, file}
        The resource to load the volume from, e.g. a filename, pathlib.Path,
        http address or file object, see the docs for more info.
    format : str
        The format to use to read the file. By default imageio selects
        the appropriate for you based on the filename and its contents.
    kwargs : ...
        Further keyword arguments are passed to the reader. See :func:`.help`
        to see what arguments are available for a particular format.
    """

    # Get reader and read first
    reader = read(uri, format, "v", **kwargs)
    with reader:
        return reader.get_data(0)


def volwrite(uri, im, format=None, **kwargs):
    """ volwrite(uri, vol, format=None, **kwargs)

    Write a volume to the specified file.

    Parameters
    ----------
    uri : {str, pathlib.Path, file}
        The resource to write the image to, e.g. a filename, pathlib.Path
        or file object, see the docs for more info.
    vol : numpy.ndarray
        The image data. Must be NxMxL (or NxMxLxK if each voxel is a tuple).
    format : str
        The format to use to read the file. By default imageio selects
        the appropriate for you based on the filename and its contents.
    kwargs : ...
        Further keyword arguments are passed to the writer. See :func:`.help`
        to see what arguments are available for a particular format.
    """

    # Test image
    imt = type(im)
    im = np.asanyarray(im)
    if not np.issubdtype(im.dtype, np.number):
        raise ValueError("Image is not numeric, but {}.".format(imt.__name__))
    elif im.ndim == 3:
        pass
    elif im.ndim == 4 and im.shape[3] < 32:  # How large can a tuple be?
        pass
    else:
        raise ValueError("Image must be 3D, or 4D if each voxel is a tuple.")

    # Get writer and write first
    writer = get_writer(uri, format, "v", **kwargs)
    with writer:
        writer.append_data(im)

    # Return a result if there is any
    return writer.request.get_result()


## Multiple volumes


def mvolread(uri, format=None, memtest=MEMTEST_DEFAULT_MVOL, **kwargs):
    """ mvolread(uri, format=None, memtest='1GB', **kwargs)

    Reads multiple volumes from the specified file. Returns a list of
    numpy arrays, each with a dict of meta data at its 'meta' attribute.

    Parameters
    ----------
    uri : {str, pathlib.Path, bytes, file}
        The resource to load the volumes from, e.g. a filename, pathlib.Path,
        http address or file object, see the docs for more info.
    format : str
        The format to use to read the file. By default imageio selects
        the appropriate for you based on the filename and its contents.
    memtest : {bool, int, float, str}
        If truthy, this function will raise an error if the resulting
        list of images consumes greater than the amount of memory specified.
        This is to protect the system from using so much memory that it needs
        to resort to swapping, and thereby stall the computer. E.g.
        ``mimread('hunger_games.avi')``.

        If the argument is a number, that will be used as the threshold number
        of bytes.

        If the argument is a string, it will be interpreted as a number of bytes with
        SI/IEC prefixed units (e.g. '1kB', '250MiB', '80.3YB').

        - Units are case sensitive
        - k, M etc. represent a 1000-fold change, where Ki, Mi etc. represent 1024-fold
        - The "B" is optional, but if present, must be capitalised

        If the argument is True, the default will be used, for compatibility reasons.

        Default: '1GB'
    kwargs : ...
        Further keyword arguments are passed to the reader. See :func:`.help`
        to see what arguments are available for a particular format.
    """

    # Get reader and read all
    reader = read(uri, format, "V", **kwargs)
    nbyte_limit = to_nbytes(memtest, MEMTEST_DEFAULT_MVOL)

    ims = []
    nbytes = 0
    for im in reader:
        ims.append(im)
        # Memory check
        nbytes += im.nbytes
        if nbyte_limit and nbytes > nbyte_limit:  # pragma: no cover
            ims[:] = []  # clear to free the memory
            raise RuntimeError(
                "imageio.mvolread() has read over {}B of "
                "image data.\nStopped to avoid memory problems."
                " Use imageio.get_reader(), increase threshold, or memtest=False".format(
                    int(nbyte_limit)
                )
            )

    return ims


def mvolwrite(uri, ims, format=None, **kwargs):
    """ mvolwrite(uri, vols, format=None, **kwargs)

    Write multiple volumes to the specified file.

    Parameters
    ----------
    uri : {str, pathlib.Path, file}
        The resource to write the volumes to, e.g. a filename, pathlib.Path
        or file object, see the docs for more info.
    ims : sequence of numpy arrays
        The image data. Each array must be NxMxL (or NxMxLxK if each
        voxel is a tuple).
    format : str
        The format to use to read the file. By default imageio selects
        the appropriate for you based on the filename and its contents.
    kwargs : ...
        Further keyword arguments are passed to the writer. See :func:`.help`
        to see what arguments are available for a particular format.
    """

    # Get writer
    writer = get_writer(uri, format, "V", **kwargs)
    written = 0

    with writer:

        # Iterate over images (ims may be a generator)
        for im in ims:
            # Test image
            imt = type(im)
            im = np.asanyarray(im)
            if not np.issubdtype(im.dtype, np.number):
                raise ValueError("Image is not numeric, but {}.".format(imt.__name__))
            elif im.ndim == 3:
                pass
            elif im.ndim == 4 and im.shape[3] < 32:
                pass  # How large can a tuple be?
            else:
                raise ValueError("Image must be 3D, or 4D if each voxel is a tuple.")

            # Add image
            writer.append_data(im)
            written += 1

    # Check that something was written. Check after writing, because ims might
    # be a generator. The damage is done, but we want to error when it happens.
    if not written:
        raise RuntimeError("Zero volumes were written.")

    # Return a result if there is any
    return writer.request.get_result()


## Aliases

read = get_reader
save = get_writer
imsave = imwrite
mimsave = mimwrite
volsave = volwrite
mvolsave = mvolwrite