Updated DB_Helper by adding firebase methods.

venv/Lib/site-packages/oauth2client/service_account.py

@@ -0,0 +1,673 @@
+# Copyright 2014 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""oauth2client Service account credentials class."""
+
+import base64
+import copy
+import datetime
+import json
+import time
+
+import oauth2client
+from oauth2client import _helpers
+from oauth2client import client
+from oauth2client import crypt
+from oauth2client import transport
+from oauth2client import util
+
+
+_PASSWORD_DEFAULT = 'notasecret'
+_PKCS12_KEY = '_private_key_pkcs12'
+_PKCS12_ERROR = r"""
+This library only implements PKCS#12 support via the pyOpenSSL library.
+Either install pyOpenSSL, or please convert the .p12 file
+to .pem format:
+    $ cat key.p12 | \
+    >   openssl pkcs12 -nodes -nocerts -passin pass:notasecret | \
+    >   openssl rsa > key.pem
+"""
+
+
+class ServiceAccountCredentials(client.AssertionCredentials):
+    """Service Account credential for OAuth 2.0 signed JWT grants.
+
+    Supports
+
+    * JSON keyfile (typically contains a PKCS8 key stored as
+      PEM text)
+    * ``.p12`` key (stores PKCS12 key and certificate)
+
+    Makes an assertion to server using a signed JWT assertion in exchange
+    for an access token.
+
+    This credential does not require a flow to instantiate because it
+    represents a two legged flow, and therefore has all of the required
+    information to generate and refresh its own access tokens.
+
+    Args:
+        service_account_email: string, The email associated with the
+                               service account.
+        signer: ``crypt.Signer``, A signer which can be used to sign content.
+        scopes: List or string, (Optional) Scopes to use when acquiring
+                an access token.
+        private_key_id: string, (Optional) Private key identifier. Typically
+                        only used with a JSON keyfile. Can be sent in the
+                        header of a JWT token assertion.
+        client_id: string, (Optional) Client ID for the project that owns the
+                   service account.
+        user_agent: string, (Optional) User agent to use when sending
+                    request.
+        token_uri: string, URI for token endpoint. For convenience defaults
+                   to Google's endpoints but any OAuth 2.0 provider can be
+                   used.
+        revoke_uri: string, URI for revoke endpoint.  For convenience defaults
+                   to Google's endpoints but any OAuth 2.0 provider can be
+                   used.
+        kwargs: dict, Extra key-value pairs (both strings) to send in the
+                payload body when making an assertion.
+    """
+
+    MAX_TOKEN_LIFETIME_SECS = 3600
+    """Max lifetime of the token (one hour, in seconds)."""
+
+    NON_SERIALIZED_MEMBERS = (
+        frozenset(['_signer']) |
+        client.AssertionCredentials.NON_SERIALIZED_MEMBERS)
+    """Members that aren't serialized when object is converted to JSON."""
+
+    # Can be over-ridden by factory constructors. Used for
+    # serialization/deserialization purposes.
+    _private_key_pkcs8_pem = None
+    _private_key_pkcs12 = None
+    _private_key_password = None
+
+    def __init__(self,
+                 service_account_email,
+                 signer,
+                 scopes='',
+                 private_key_id=None,
+                 client_id=None,
+                 user_agent=None,
+                 token_uri=oauth2client.GOOGLE_TOKEN_URI,
+                 revoke_uri=oauth2client.GOOGLE_REVOKE_URI,
+                 **kwargs):
+
+        super(ServiceAccountCredentials, self).__init__(
+            None, user_agent=user_agent, token_uri=token_uri,
+            revoke_uri=revoke_uri)
+
+        self._service_account_email = service_account_email
+        self._signer = signer
+        self._scopes = util.scopes_to_string(scopes)
+        self._private_key_id = private_key_id
+        self.client_id = client_id
+        self._user_agent = user_agent
+        self._kwargs = kwargs
+
+    def _to_json(self, strip, to_serialize=None):
+        """Utility function that creates JSON repr. of a credentials object.
+
+        Over-ride is needed since PKCS#12 keys will not in general be JSON
+        serializable.
+
+        Args:
+            strip: array, An array of names of members to exclude from the
+                   JSON.
+            to_serialize: dict, (Optional) The properties for this object
+                          that will be serialized. This allows callers to
+                          modify before serializing.
+
+        Returns:
+            string, a JSON representation of this instance, suitable to pass to
+            from_json().
+        """
+        if to_serialize is None:
+            to_serialize = copy.copy(self.__dict__)
+        pkcs12_val = to_serialize.get(_PKCS12_KEY)
+        if pkcs12_val is not None:
+            to_serialize[_PKCS12_KEY] = base64.b64encode(pkcs12_val)
+        return super(ServiceAccountCredentials, self)._to_json(
+            strip, to_serialize=to_serialize)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_parsed_json_keyfile(cls, keyfile_dict, scopes,
+                                  token_uri=None, revoke_uri=None):
+        """Helper for factory constructors from JSON keyfile.
+
+        Args:
+            keyfile_dict: dict-like object, The parsed dictionary-like object
+                          containing the contents of the JSON keyfile.
+            scopes: List or string, Scopes to use when acquiring an
+                    access token.
+            token_uri: string, URI for OAuth 2.0 provider token endpoint.
+                       If unset and not present in keyfile_dict, defaults
+                       to Google's endpoints.
+            revoke_uri: string, URI for OAuth 2.0 provider revoke endpoint.
+                       If unset and not present in keyfile_dict, defaults
+                       to Google's endpoints.
+
+        Returns:
+            ServiceAccountCredentials, a credentials object created from
+            the keyfile contents.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError, if the credential type is not :data:`SERVICE_ACCOUNT`.
+            KeyError, if one of the expected keys is not present in
+                the keyfile.
+        """
+        creds_type = keyfile_dict.get('type')
+        if creds_type != client.SERVICE_ACCOUNT:
+            raise ValueError('Unexpected credentials type', creds_type,
+                             'Expected', client.SERVICE_ACCOUNT)
+
+        service_account_email = keyfile_dict['client_email']
+        private_key_pkcs8_pem = keyfile_dict['private_key']
+        private_key_id = keyfile_dict['private_key_id']
+        client_id = keyfile_dict['client_id']
+        if not token_uri:
+            token_uri = keyfile_dict.get('token_uri',
+                                         oauth2client.GOOGLE_TOKEN_URI)
+        if not revoke_uri:
+            revoke_uri = keyfile_dict.get('revoke_uri',
+                                          oauth2client.GOOGLE_REVOKE_URI)
+
+        signer = crypt.Signer.from_string(private_key_pkcs8_pem)
+        credentials = cls(service_account_email, signer, scopes=scopes,
+                          private_key_id=private_key_id,
+                          client_id=client_id, token_uri=token_uri,
+                          revoke_uri=revoke_uri)
+        credentials._private_key_pkcs8_pem = private_key_pkcs8_pem
+        return credentials
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_json_keyfile_name(cls, filename, scopes='',
+                               token_uri=None, revoke_uri=None):
+
+        """Factory constructor from JSON keyfile by name.
+
+        Args:
+            filename: string, The location of the keyfile.
+            scopes: List or string, (Optional) Scopes to use when acquiring an
+                    access token.
+            token_uri: string, URI for OAuth 2.0 provider token endpoint.
+                       If unset and not present in the key file, defaults
+                       to Google's endpoints.
+            revoke_uri: string, URI for OAuth 2.0 provider revoke endpoint.
+                       If unset and not present in the key file, defaults
+                       to Google's endpoints.
+
+        Returns:
+            ServiceAccountCredentials, a credentials object created from
+            the keyfile.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError, if the credential type is not :data:`SERVICE_ACCOUNT`.
+            KeyError, if one of the expected keys is not present in
+                the keyfile.
+        """
+        with open(filename, 'r') as file_obj:
+            client_credentials = json.load(file_obj)
+        return cls._from_parsed_json_keyfile(client_credentials, scopes,
+                                             token_uri=token_uri,
+                                             revoke_uri=revoke_uri)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_json_keyfile_dict(cls, keyfile_dict, scopes='',
+                               token_uri=None, revoke_uri=None):
+        """Factory constructor from parsed JSON keyfile.
+
+        Args:
+            keyfile_dict: dict-like object, The parsed dictionary-like object
+                          containing the contents of the JSON keyfile.
+            scopes: List or string, (Optional) Scopes to use when acquiring an
+                    access token.
+            token_uri: string, URI for OAuth 2.0 provider token endpoint.
+                       If unset and not present in keyfile_dict, defaults
+                       to Google's endpoints.
+            revoke_uri: string, URI for OAuth 2.0 provider revoke endpoint.
+                       If unset and not present in keyfile_dict, defaults
+                       to Google's endpoints.
+
+        Returns:
+            ServiceAccountCredentials, a credentials object created from
+            the keyfile.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError, if the credential type is not :data:`SERVICE_ACCOUNT`.
+            KeyError, if one of the expected keys is not present in
+                the keyfile.
+        """
+        return cls._from_parsed_json_keyfile(keyfile_dict, scopes,
+                                             token_uri=token_uri,
+                                             revoke_uri=revoke_uri)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_p12_keyfile_contents(cls, service_account_email,
+                                   private_key_pkcs12,
+                                   private_key_password=None, scopes='',
+                                   token_uri=oauth2client.GOOGLE_TOKEN_URI,
+                                   revoke_uri=oauth2client.GOOGLE_REVOKE_URI):
+        """Factory constructor from JSON keyfile.
+
+        Args:
+            service_account_email: string, The email associated with the
+                                   service account.
+            private_key_pkcs12: string, The contents of a PKCS#12 keyfile.
+            private_key_password: string, (Optional) Password for PKCS#12
+                                  private key. Defaults to ``notasecret``.
+            scopes: List or string, (Optional) Scopes to use when acquiring an
+                    access token.
+            token_uri: string, URI for token endpoint. For convenience defaults
+                       to Google's endpoints but any OAuth 2.0 provider can be
+                       used.
+            revoke_uri: string, URI for revoke endpoint. For convenience
+                        defaults to Google's endpoints but any OAuth 2.0
+                        provider can be used.
+
+        Returns:
+            ServiceAccountCredentials, a credentials object created from
+            the keyfile.
+
+        Raises:
+            NotImplementedError if pyOpenSSL is not installed / not the
+            active crypto library.
+        """
+        if private_key_password is None:
+            private_key_password = _PASSWORD_DEFAULT
+        if crypt.Signer is not crypt.OpenSSLSigner:
+            raise NotImplementedError(_PKCS12_ERROR)
+        signer = crypt.Signer.from_string(private_key_pkcs12,
+                                          private_key_password)
+        credentials = cls(service_account_email, signer, scopes=scopes,
+                          token_uri=token_uri, revoke_uri=revoke_uri)
+        credentials._private_key_pkcs12 = private_key_pkcs12
+        credentials._private_key_password = private_key_password
+        return credentials
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_p12_keyfile(cls, service_account_email, filename,
+                         private_key_password=None, scopes='',
+                         token_uri=oauth2client.GOOGLE_TOKEN_URI,
+                         revoke_uri=oauth2client.GOOGLE_REVOKE_URI):
+
+        """Factory constructor from JSON keyfile.
+
+        Args:
+            service_account_email: string, The email associated with the
+                                   service account.
+            filename: string, The location of the PKCS#12 keyfile.
+            private_key_password: string, (Optional) Password for PKCS#12
+                                  private key. Defaults to ``notasecret``.
+            scopes: List or string, (Optional) Scopes to use when acquiring an
+                    access token.
+            token_uri: string, URI for token endpoint. For convenience defaults
+                       to Google's endpoints but any OAuth 2.0 provider can be
+                       used.
+            revoke_uri: string, URI for revoke endpoint. For convenience
+                        defaults to Google's endpoints but any OAuth 2.0
+                        provider can be used.
+
+        Returns:
+            ServiceAccountCredentials, a credentials object created from
+            the keyfile.
+
+        Raises:
+            NotImplementedError if pyOpenSSL is not installed / not the
+            active crypto library.
+        """
+        with open(filename, 'rb') as file_obj:
+            private_key_pkcs12 = file_obj.read()
+        return cls._from_p12_keyfile_contents(
+            service_account_email, private_key_pkcs12,
+            private_key_password=private_key_password, scopes=scopes,
+            token_uri=token_uri, revoke_uri=revoke_uri)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_p12_keyfile_buffer(cls, service_account_email, file_buffer,
+                                private_key_password=None, scopes='',
+                                token_uri=oauth2client.GOOGLE_TOKEN_URI,
+                                revoke_uri=oauth2client.GOOGLE_REVOKE_URI):
+        """Factory constructor from JSON keyfile.
+
+        Args:
+            service_account_email: string, The email associated with the
+                                   service account.
+            file_buffer: stream, A buffer that implements ``read()``
+                         and contains the PKCS#12 key contents.
+            private_key_password: string, (Optional) Password for PKCS#12
+                                  private key. Defaults to ``notasecret``.
+            scopes: List or string, (Optional) Scopes to use when acquiring an
+                    access token.
+            token_uri: string, URI for token endpoint. For convenience defaults
+                       to Google's endpoints but any OAuth 2.0 provider can be
+                       used.
+            revoke_uri: string, URI for revoke endpoint. For convenience
+                        defaults to Google's endpoints but any OAuth 2.0
+                        provider can be used.
+
+        Returns:
+            ServiceAccountCredentials, a credentials object created from
+            the keyfile.
+
+        Raises:
+            NotImplementedError if pyOpenSSL is not installed / not the
+            active crypto library.
+        """
+        private_key_pkcs12 = file_buffer.read()
+        return cls._from_p12_keyfile_contents(
+            service_account_email, private_key_pkcs12,
+            private_key_password=private_key_password, scopes=scopes,
+            token_uri=token_uri, revoke_uri=revoke_uri)
+
+    def _generate_assertion(self):
+        """Generate the assertion that will be used in the request."""
+        now = int(time.time())
+        payload = {
+            'aud': self.token_uri,
+            'scope': self._scopes,
+            'iat': now,
+            'exp': now + self.MAX_TOKEN_LIFETIME_SECS,
+            'iss': self._service_account_email,
+        }
+        payload.update(self._kwargs)
+        return crypt.make_signed_jwt(self._signer, payload,
+                                     key_id=self._private_key_id)
+
+    def sign_blob(self, blob):
+        """Cryptographically sign a blob (of bytes).
+
+        Implements abstract method
+        :meth:`oauth2client.client.AssertionCredentials.sign_blob`.
+
+        Args:
+            blob: bytes, Message to be signed.
+
+        Returns:
+            tuple, A pair of the private key ID used to sign the blob and
+            the signed contents.
+        """
+        return self._private_key_id, self._signer.sign(blob)
+
+    @property
+    def service_account_email(self):
+        """Get the email for the current service account.
+
+        Returns:
+            string, The email associated with the service account.
+        """
+        return self._service_account_email
+
+    @property
+    def serialization_data(self):
+        # NOTE: This is only useful for JSON keyfile.
+        return {
+            'type': 'service_account',
+            'client_email': self._service_account_email,
+            'private_key_id': self._private_key_id,
+            'private_key': self._private_key_pkcs8_pem,
+            'client_id': self.client_id,
+        }
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_json(cls, json_data):
+        """Deserialize a JSON-serialized instance.
+
+        Inverse to :meth:`to_json`.
+
+        Args:
+            json_data: dict or string, Serialized JSON (as a string or an
+                       already parsed dictionary) representing a credential.
+
+        Returns:
+            ServiceAccountCredentials from the serialized data.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(json_data, dict):
+            json_data = json.loads(_helpers._from_bytes(json_data))
+
+        private_key_pkcs8_pem = None
+        pkcs12_val = json_data.get(_PKCS12_KEY)
+        password = None
+        if pkcs12_val is None:
+            private_key_pkcs8_pem = json_data['_private_key_pkcs8_pem']
+            signer = crypt.Signer.from_string(private_key_pkcs8_pem)
+        else:
+            # NOTE: This assumes that private_key_pkcs8_pem is not also
+            #       in the serialized data. This would be very incorrect
+            #       state.
+            pkcs12_val = base64.b64decode(pkcs12_val)
+            password = json_data['_private_key_password']
+            signer = crypt.Signer.from_string(pkcs12_val, password)
+
+        credentials = cls(
+            json_data['_service_account_email'],
+            signer,
+            scopes=json_data['_scopes'],
+            private_key_id=json_data['_private_key_id'],
+            client_id=json_data['client_id'],
+            user_agent=json_data['_user_agent'],
+            **json_data['_kwargs']
+        )
+        if private_key_pkcs8_pem is not None:
+            credentials._private_key_pkcs8_pem = private_key_pkcs8_pem
+        if pkcs12_val is not None:
+            credentials._private_key_pkcs12 = pkcs12_val
+        if password is not None:
+            credentials._private_key_password = password
+        credentials.invalid = json_data['invalid']
+        credentials.access_token = json_data['access_token']
+        credentials.token_uri = json_data['token_uri']
+        credentials.revoke_uri = json_data['revoke_uri']
+        token_expiry = json_data.get('token_expiry', None)
+        if token_expiry is not None:
+            credentials.token_expiry = datetime.datetime.strptime(
+                token_expiry, client.EXPIRY_FORMAT)
+        return credentials
+
+    def create_scoped_required(self):
+        return not self._scopes
+
+    def create_scoped(self, scopes):
+        result = self.__class__(self._service_account_email,
+                                self._signer,
+                                scopes=scopes,
+                                private_key_id=self._private_key_id,
+                                client_id=self.client_id,
+                                user_agent=self._user_agent,
+                                **self._kwargs)
+        result.token_uri = self.token_uri
+        result.revoke_uri = self.revoke_uri
+        result._private_key_pkcs8_pem = self._private_key_pkcs8_pem
+        result._private_key_pkcs12 = self._private_key_pkcs12
+        result._private_key_password = self._private_key_password
+        return result
+
+    def create_with_claims(self, claims):
+        """Create credentials that specify additional claims.
+
+        Args:
+            claims: dict, key-value pairs for claims.
+
+        Returns:
+            ServiceAccountCredentials, a copy of the current service account
+            credentials with updated claims to use when obtaining access
+            tokens.
+        """
+        new_kwargs = dict(self._kwargs)
+        new_kwargs.update(claims)
+        result = self.__class__(self._service_account_email,
+                                self._signer,
+                                scopes=self._scopes,
+                                private_key_id=self._private_key_id,
+                                client_id=self.client_id,
+                                user_agent=self._user_agent,
+                                **new_kwargs)
+        result.token_uri = self.token_uri
+        result.revoke_uri = self.revoke_uri
+        result._private_key_pkcs8_pem = self._private_key_pkcs8_pem
+        result._private_key_pkcs12 = self._private_key_pkcs12
+        result._private_key_password = self._private_key_password
+        return result
+
+    def create_delegated(self, sub):
+        """Create credentials that act as domain-wide delegation of authority.
+
+        Use the ``sub`` parameter as the subject to delegate on behalf of
+        that user.
+
+        For example::
+
+          >>> account_sub = 'foo@email.com'
+          >>> delegate_creds = creds.create_delegated(account_sub)
+
+        Args:
+            sub: string, An email address that this service account will
+                 act on behalf of (via domain-wide delegation).
+
+        Returns:
+            ServiceAccountCredentials, a copy of the current service account
+            updated to act on behalf of ``sub``.
+        """
+        return self.create_with_claims({'sub': sub})
+
+
+def _datetime_to_secs(utc_time):
+    # TODO(issue 298): use time_delta.total_seconds()
+    # time_delta.total_seconds() not supported in Python 2.6
+    epoch = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1)
+    time_delta = utc_time - epoch
+    return time_delta.days * 86400 + time_delta.seconds
+
+
+class _JWTAccessCredentials(ServiceAccountCredentials):
+    """Self signed JWT credentials.
+
+    Makes an assertion to server using a self signed JWT from service account
+    credentials.  These credentials do NOT use OAuth 2.0 and instead
+    authenticate directly.
+    """
+    _MAX_TOKEN_LIFETIME_SECS = 3600
+    """Max lifetime of the token (one hour, in seconds)."""
+
+    def __init__(self,
+                 service_account_email,
+                 signer,
+                 scopes=None,
+                 private_key_id=None,
+                 client_id=None,
+                 user_agent=None,
+                 token_uri=oauth2client.GOOGLE_TOKEN_URI,
+                 revoke_uri=oauth2client.GOOGLE_REVOKE_URI,
+                 additional_claims=None):
+        if additional_claims is None:
+            additional_claims = {}
+        super(_JWTAccessCredentials, self).__init__(
+            service_account_email,
+            signer,
+            private_key_id=private_key_id,
+            client_id=client_id,
+            user_agent=user_agent,
+            token_uri=token_uri,
+            revoke_uri=revoke_uri,
+            **additional_claims)
+
+    def authorize(self, http):
+        """Authorize an httplib2.Http instance with a JWT assertion.
+
+        Unless specified, the 'aud' of the assertion will be the base
+        uri of the request.
+
+        Args:
+            http: An instance of ``httplib2.Http`` or something that acts
+                  like it.
+        Returns:
+            A modified instance of http that was passed in.
+        Example::
+            h = httplib2.Http()
+            h = credentials.authorize(h)
+        """
+        transport.wrap_http_for_jwt_access(self, http)
+        return http
+
+    def get_access_token(self, http=None, additional_claims=None):
+        """Create a signed jwt.
+
+        Args:
+            http: unused
+            additional_claims: dict, additional claims to add to
+                the payload of the JWT.
+        Returns:
+            An AccessTokenInfo with the signed jwt
+        """
+        if additional_claims is None:
+            if self.access_token is None or self.access_token_expired:
+                self.refresh(None)
+            return client.AccessTokenInfo(
+              access_token=self.access_token, expires_in=self._expires_in())
+        else:
+            # Create a 1 time token
+            token, unused_expiry = self._create_token(additional_claims)
+            return client.AccessTokenInfo(
+              access_token=token, expires_in=self._MAX_TOKEN_LIFETIME_SECS)
+
+    def revoke(self, http):
+        """Cannot revoke JWTAccessCredentials tokens."""
+        pass
+
+    def create_scoped_required(self):
+        # JWTAccessCredentials are unscoped by definition
+        return True
+
+    def create_scoped(self, scopes, token_uri=oauth2client.GOOGLE_TOKEN_URI,
+                      revoke_uri=oauth2client.GOOGLE_REVOKE_URI):
+        # Returns an OAuth2 credentials with the given scope
+        result = ServiceAccountCredentials(self._service_account_email,
+                                           self._signer,
+                                           scopes=scopes,
+                                           private_key_id=self._private_key_id,
+                                           client_id=self.client_id,
+                                           user_agent=self._user_agent,
+                                           token_uri=token_uri,
+                                           revoke_uri=revoke_uri,
+                                           **self._kwargs)
+        if self._private_key_pkcs8_pem is not None:
+            result._private_key_pkcs8_pem = self._private_key_pkcs8_pem
+        if self._private_key_pkcs12 is not None:
+            result._private_key_pkcs12 = self._private_key_pkcs12
+        if self._private_key_password is not None:
+            result._private_key_password = self._private_key_password
+        return result
+
+    def refresh(self, http):
+        self._refresh(None)
+
+    def _refresh(self, http_request):
+        self.access_token, self.token_expiry = self._create_token()
+
+    def _create_token(self, additional_claims=None):
+        now = client._UTCNOW()
+        lifetime = datetime.timedelta(seconds=self._MAX_TOKEN_LIFETIME_SECS)
+        expiry = now + lifetime
+        payload = {
+            'iat': _datetime_to_secs(now),
+            'exp': _datetime_to_secs(expiry),
+            'iss': self._service_account_email,
+            'sub': self._service_account_email
+        }
+        payload.update(self._kwargs)
+        if additional_claims is not None:
+            payload.update(additional_claims)
+        jwt = crypt.make_signed_jwt(self._signer, payload,
+                                    key_id=self._private_key_id)
+        return jwt.decode('ascii'), expiry