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venv/Lib/site-packages/sklearn/datasets/descr/digits.rst

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+.. _digits_dataset:
+
+Optical recognition of handwritten digits dataset
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+**Data Set Characteristics:**
+
+    :Number of Instances: 5620
+    :Number of Attributes: 64
+    :Attribute Information: 8x8 image of integer pixels in the range 0..16.
+    :Missing Attribute Values: None
+    :Creator: E. Alpaydin (alpaydin '@' boun.edu.tr)
+    :Date: July; 1998
+
+This is a copy of the test set of the UCI ML hand-written digits datasets
+https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Optical+Recognition+of+Handwritten+Digits
+
+The data set contains images of hand-written digits: 10 classes where
+each class refers to a digit.
+
+Preprocessing programs made available by NIST were used to extract
+normalized bitmaps of handwritten digits from a preprinted form. From a
+total of 43 people, 30 contributed to the training set and different 13
+to the test set. 32x32 bitmaps are divided into nonoverlapping blocks of
+4x4 and the number of on pixels are counted in each block. This generates
+an input matrix of 8x8 where each element is an integer in the range
+0..16. This reduces dimensionality and gives invariance to small
+distortions.
+
+For info on NIST preprocessing routines, see M. D. Garris, J. L. Blue, G.
+T. Candela, D. L. Dimmick, J. Geist, P. J. Grother, S. A. Janet, and C.
+L. Wilson, NIST Form-Based Handprint Recognition System, NISTIR 5469,
+1994.
+
+.. topic:: References
+
+  - C. Kaynak (1995) Methods of Combining Multiple Classifiers and Their
+    Applications to Handwritten Digit Recognition, MSc Thesis, Institute of
+    Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering, Bogazici University.
+  - E. Alpaydin, C. Kaynak (1998) Cascading Classifiers, Kybernetika.
+  - Ken Tang and Ponnuthurai N. Suganthan and Xi Yao and A. Kai Qin.
+    Linear dimensionalityreduction using relevance weighted LDA. School of
+    Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University.
+    2005.
+  - Claudio Gentile. A New Approximate Maximal Margin Classification
+    Algorithm. NIPS. 2000.