577 lines
20 KiB
Python
577 lines
20 KiB
Python
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# Copyright (c) Jupyter Development Team.
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# Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.
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"""Interact with functions using widgets."""
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from __future__ import print_function
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from __future__ import division
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try: # Python >= 3.3
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from inspect import signature, Parameter
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except ImportError:
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from IPython.utils.signatures import signature, Parameter
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from inspect import getcallargs
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try:
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from inspect import getfullargspec as check_argspec
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except ImportError:
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from inspect import getargspec as check_argspec # py2
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import sys
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from IPython.core.getipython import get_ipython
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from . import (ValueWidget, Text,
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FloatSlider, IntSlider, Checkbox, Dropdown,
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VBox, Button, DOMWidget, Output)
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from IPython.display import display, clear_output
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from ipython_genutils.py3compat import string_types, unicode_type
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from traitlets import HasTraits, Any, Unicode, observe
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from numbers import Real, Integral
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from warnings import warn
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try:
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from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping
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except ImportError:
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from collections import Iterable, Mapping # py2
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empty = Parameter.empty
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def show_inline_matplotlib_plots():
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"""Show matplotlib plots immediately if using the inline backend.
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With ipywidgets 6.0, matplotlib plots don't work well with interact when
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using the inline backend that comes with ipykernel. Basically, the inline
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backend only shows the plot after the entire cell executes, which does not
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play well with drawing plots inside of an interact function. See
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https://github.com/jupyter-widgets/ipywidgets/issues/1181/ and
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https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues/10376 for more details. This
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function displays any matplotlib plots if the backend is the inline backend.
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"""
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if 'matplotlib' not in sys.modules:
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# matplotlib hasn't been imported, nothing to do.
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return
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try:
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import matplotlib as mpl
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from ipykernel.pylab.backend_inline import flush_figures
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except ImportError:
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return
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if mpl.get_backend() == 'module://ipykernel.pylab.backend_inline':
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flush_figures()
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def interactive_output(f, controls):
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"""Connect widget controls to a function.
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This function does not generate a user interface for the widgets (unlike `interact`).
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This enables customisation of the widget user interface layout.
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The user interface layout must be defined and displayed manually.
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"""
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out = Output()
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def observer(change):
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kwargs = {k:v.value for k,v in controls.items()}
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show_inline_matplotlib_plots()
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with out:
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clear_output(wait=True)
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f(**kwargs)
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show_inline_matplotlib_plots()
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for k,w in controls.items():
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w.observe(observer, 'value')
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show_inline_matplotlib_plots()
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observer(None)
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return out
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def _matches(o, pattern):
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"""Match a pattern of types in a sequence."""
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if not len(o) == len(pattern):
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return False
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comps = zip(o,pattern)
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return all(isinstance(obj,kind) for obj,kind in comps)
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def _get_min_max_value(min, max, value=None, step=None):
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"""Return min, max, value given input values with possible None."""
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# Either min and max need to be given, or value needs to be given
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if value is None:
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if min is None or max is None:
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raise ValueError('unable to infer range, value from: ({0}, {1}, {2})'.format(min, max, value))
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diff = max - min
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value = min + (diff / 2)
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# Ensure that value has the same type as diff
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if not isinstance(value, type(diff)):
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value = min + (diff // 2)
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else: # value is not None
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if not isinstance(value, Real):
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raise TypeError('expected a real number, got: %r' % value)
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# Infer min/max from value
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if value == 0:
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# This gives (0, 1) of the correct type
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vrange = (value, value + 1)
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elif value > 0:
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vrange = (-value, 3*value)
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else:
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vrange = (3*value, -value)
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if min is None:
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min = vrange[0]
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if max is None:
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max = vrange[1]
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if step is not None:
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# ensure value is on a step
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tick = int((value - min) / step)
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value = min + tick * step
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if not min <= value <= max:
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raise ValueError('value must be between min and max (min={0}, value={1}, max={2})'.format(min, value, max))
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return min, max, value
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def _yield_abbreviations_for_parameter(param, kwargs):
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"""Get an abbreviation for a function parameter."""
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name = param.name
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kind = param.kind
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ann = param.annotation
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default = param.default
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not_found = (name, empty, empty)
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if kind in (Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD, Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY):
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if name in kwargs:
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value = kwargs.pop(name)
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elif ann is not empty:
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warn("Using function annotations to implicitly specify interactive controls is deprecated. Use an explicit keyword argument for the parameter instead.", DeprecationWarning)
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value = ann
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elif default is not empty:
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value = default
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else:
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yield not_found
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yield (name, value, default)
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elif kind == Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD:
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# In this case name=kwargs and we yield the items in kwargs with their keys.
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for k, v in kwargs.copy().items():
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kwargs.pop(k)
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yield k, v, empty
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class interactive(VBox):
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"""
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A VBox container containing a group of interactive widgets tied to a
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function.
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Parameters
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----------
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__interact_f : function
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The function to which the interactive widgets are tied. The `**kwargs`
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should match the function signature.
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__options : dict
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A dict of options. Currently, the only supported keys are
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``"manual"`` and ``"manual_name"``.
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**kwargs : various, optional
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An interactive widget is created for each keyword argument that is a
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valid widget abbreviation.
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Note that the first two parameters intentionally start with a double
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underscore to avoid being mixed up with keyword arguments passed by
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``**kwargs``.
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"""
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def __init__(self, __interact_f, __options={}, **kwargs):
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VBox.__init__(self, _dom_classes=['widget-interact'])
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self.result = None
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self.args = []
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self.kwargs = {}
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self.f = f = __interact_f
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self.clear_output = kwargs.pop('clear_output', True)
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self.manual = __options.get("manual", False)
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self.manual_name = __options.get("manual_name", "Run Interact")
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self.auto_display = __options.get("auto_display", False)
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new_kwargs = self.find_abbreviations(kwargs)
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# Before we proceed, let's make sure that the user has passed a set of args+kwargs
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# that will lead to a valid call of the function. This protects against unspecified
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# and doubly-specified arguments.
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try:
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check_argspec(f)
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except TypeError:
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# if we can't inspect, we can't validate
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pass
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else:
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getcallargs(f, **{n:v for n,v,_ in new_kwargs})
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# Now build the widgets from the abbreviations.
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self.kwargs_widgets = self.widgets_from_abbreviations(new_kwargs)
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# This has to be done as an assignment, not using self.children.append,
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# so that traitlets notices the update. We skip any objects (such as fixed) that
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# are not DOMWidgets.
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c = [w for w in self.kwargs_widgets if isinstance(w, DOMWidget)]
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# If we are only to run the function on demand, add a button to request this.
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if self.manual:
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self.manual_button = Button(description=self.manual_name)
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c.append(self.manual_button)
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self.out = Output()
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c.append(self.out)
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self.children = c
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# Wire up the widgets
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# If we are doing manual running, the callback is only triggered by the button
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# Otherwise, it is triggered for every trait change received
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# On-demand running also suppresses running the function with the initial parameters
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if self.manual:
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self.manual_button.on_click(self.update)
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# Also register input handlers on text areas, so the user can hit return to
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# invoke execution.
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for w in self.kwargs_widgets:
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if isinstance(w, Text):
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w.on_submit(self.update)
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else:
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for widget in self.kwargs_widgets:
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widget.observe(self.update, names='value')
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self.on_displayed(self.update)
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# Callback function
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def update(self, *args):
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"""
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Call the interact function and update the output widget with
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the result of the function call.
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Parameters
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----------
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*args : ignored
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Required for this method to be used as traitlets callback.
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"""
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self.kwargs = {}
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if self.manual:
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self.manual_button.disabled = True
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try:
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show_inline_matplotlib_plots()
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with self.out:
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if self.clear_output:
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clear_output(wait=True)
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for widget in self.kwargs_widgets:
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value = widget.get_interact_value()
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self.kwargs[widget._kwarg] = value
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self.result = self.f(**self.kwargs)
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show_inline_matplotlib_plots()
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if self.auto_display and self.result is not None:
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display(self.result)
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except Exception as e:
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ip = get_ipython()
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if ip is None:
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self.log.warn("Exception in interact callback: %s", e, exc_info=True)
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else:
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ip.showtraceback()
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finally:
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if self.manual:
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self.manual_button.disabled = False
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# Find abbreviations
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def signature(self):
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return signature(self.f)
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def find_abbreviations(self, kwargs):
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"""Find the abbreviations for the given function and kwargs.
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Return (name, abbrev, default) tuples.
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"""
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new_kwargs = []
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try:
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sig = self.signature()
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except (ValueError, TypeError):
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# can't inspect, no info from function; only use kwargs
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return [ (key, value, value) for key, value in kwargs.items() ]
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for param in sig.parameters.values():
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for name, value, default in _yield_abbreviations_for_parameter(param, kwargs):
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if value is empty:
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raise ValueError('cannot find widget or abbreviation for argument: {!r}'.format(name))
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new_kwargs.append((name, value, default))
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return new_kwargs
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# Abbreviations to widgets
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def widgets_from_abbreviations(self, seq):
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"""Given a sequence of (name, abbrev, default) tuples, return a sequence of Widgets."""
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result = []
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for name, abbrev, default in seq:
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widget = self.widget_from_abbrev(abbrev, default)
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if not (isinstance(widget, ValueWidget) or isinstance(widget, fixed)):
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if widget is None:
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raise ValueError("{!r} cannot be transformed to a widget".format(abbrev))
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else:
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raise TypeError("{!r} is not a ValueWidget".format(widget))
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if not widget.description:
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widget.description = name
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widget._kwarg = name
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result.append(widget)
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return result
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@classmethod
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def widget_from_abbrev(cls, abbrev, default=empty):
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"""Build a ValueWidget instance given an abbreviation or Widget."""
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if isinstance(abbrev, ValueWidget) or isinstance(abbrev, fixed):
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return abbrev
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if isinstance(abbrev, tuple):
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widget = cls.widget_from_tuple(abbrev)
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if default is not empty:
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try:
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widget.value = default
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except Exception:
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# ignore failure to set default
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pass
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return widget
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# Try single value
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widget = cls.widget_from_single_value(abbrev)
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if widget is not None:
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return widget
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# Something iterable (list, dict, generator, ...). Note that str and
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# tuple should be handled before, that is why we check this case last.
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if isinstance(abbrev, Iterable):
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widget = cls.widget_from_iterable(abbrev)
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if default is not empty:
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try:
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widget.value = default
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except Exception:
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# ignore failure to set default
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pass
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return widget
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# No idea...
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return None
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@staticmethod
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def widget_from_single_value(o):
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"""Make widgets from single values, which can be used as parameter defaults."""
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if isinstance(o, string_types):
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return Text(value=unicode_type(o))
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elif isinstance(o, bool):
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return Checkbox(value=o)
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elif isinstance(o, Integral):
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min, max, value = _get_min_max_value(None, None, o)
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return IntSlider(value=o, min=min, max=max)
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elif isinstance(o, Real):
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min, max, value = _get_min_max_value(None, None, o)
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return FloatSlider(value=o, min=min, max=max)
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else:
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return None
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@staticmethod
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def widget_from_tuple(o):
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"""Make widgets from a tuple abbreviation."""
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if _matches(o, (Real, Real)):
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min, max, value = _get_min_max_value(o[0], o[1])
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if all(isinstance(_, Integral) for _ in o):
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cls = IntSlider
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else:
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cls = FloatSlider
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return cls(value=value, min=min, max=max)
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elif _matches(o, (Real, Real, Real)):
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step = o[2]
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if step <= 0:
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raise ValueError("step must be >= 0, not %r" % step)
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min, max, value = _get_min_max_value(o[0], o[1], step=step)
|
||
|
|
if all(isinstance(_, Integral) for _ in o):
|
||
|
|
cls = IntSlider
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
cls = FloatSlider
|
||
|
|
return cls(value=value, min=min, max=max, step=step)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
@staticmethod
|
||
|
|
def widget_from_iterable(o):
|
||
|
|
"""Make widgets from an iterable. This should not be done for
|
||
|
|
a string or tuple."""
|
||
|
|
# Dropdown expects a dict or list, so we convert an arbitrary
|
||
|
|
# iterable to either of those.
|
||
|
|
if isinstance(o, (list, dict)):
|
||
|
|
return Dropdown(options=o)
|
||
|
|
elif isinstance(o, Mapping):
|
||
|
|
return Dropdown(options=list(o.items()))
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
return Dropdown(options=list(o))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Return a factory for interactive functions
|
||
|
|
@classmethod
|
||
|
|
def factory(cls):
|
||
|
|
options = dict(manual=False, auto_display=True, manual_name="Run Interact")
|
||
|
|
return _InteractFactory(cls, options)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
class _InteractFactory(object):
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
Factory for instances of :class:`interactive`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
This class is needed to support options like::
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
>>> @interact.options(manual=True)
|
||
|
|
... def greeting(text="World"):
|
||
|
|
... print("Hello {}".format(text))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Parameters
|
||
|
|
----------
|
||
|
|
cls : class
|
||
|
|
The subclass of :class:`interactive` to construct.
|
||
|
|
options : dict
|
||
|
|
A dict of options used to construct the interactive
|
||
|
|
function. By default, this is returned by
|
||
|
|
``cls.default_options()``.
|
||
|
|
kwargs : dict
|
||
|
|
A dict of **kwargs to use for widgets.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
def __init__(self, cls, options, kwargs={}):
|
||
|
|
self.cls = cls
|
||
|
|
self.opts = options
|
||
|
|
self.kwargs = kwargs
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def widget(self, f):
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
Return an interactive function widget for the given function.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The widget is only constructed, not displayed nor attached to
|
||
|
|
the function.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Returns
|
||
|
|
-------
|
||
|
|
An instance of ``self.cls`` (typically :class:`interactive`).
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Parameters
|
||
|
|
----------
|
||
|
|
f : function
|
||
|
|
The function to which the interactive widgets are tied.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
return self.cls(f, self.opts, **self.kwargs)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def __call__(self, __interact_f=None, **kwargs):
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
Make the given function interactive by adding and displaying
|
||
|
|
the corresponding :class:`interactive` widget.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Expects the first argument to be a function. Parameters to this
|
||
|
|
function are widget abbreviations passed in as keyword arguments
|
||
|
|
(``**kwargs``). Can be used as a decorator (see examples).
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Returns
|
||
|
|
-------
|
||
|
|
f : __interact_f with interactive widget attached to it.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Parameters
|
||
|
|
----------
|
||
|
|
__interact_f : function
|
||
|
|
The function to which the interactive widgets are tied. The `**kwargs`
|
||
|
|
should match the function signature. Passed to :func:`interactive()`
|
||
|
|
**kwargs : various, optional
|
||
|
|
An interactive widget is created for each keyword argument that is a
|
||
|
|
valid widget abbreviation. Passed to :func:`interactive()`
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Examples
|
||
|
|
--------
|
||
|
|
Render an interactive text field that shows the greeting with the passed in
|
||
|
|
text::
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# 1. Using interact as a function
|
||
|
|
def greeting(text="World"):
|
||
|
|
print("Hello {}".format(text))
|
||
|
|
interact(greeting, text="IPython Widgets")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# 2. Using interact as a decorator
|
||
|
|
@interact
|
||
|
|
def greeting(text="World"):
|
||
|
|
print("Hello {}".format(text))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# 3. Using interact as a decorator with named parameters
|
||
|
|
@interact(text="IPython Widgets")
|
||
|
|
def greeting(text="World"):
|
||
|
|
print("Hello {}".format(text))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Render an interactive slider widget and prints square of number::
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# 1. Using interact as a function
|
||
|
|
def square(num=1):
|
||
|
|
print("{} squared is {}".format(num, num*num))
|
||
|
|
interact(square, num=5)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# 2. Using interact as a decorator
|
||
|
|
@interact
|
||
|
|
def square(num=2):
|
||
|
|
print("{} squared is {}".format(num, num*num))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# 3. Using interact as a decorator with named parameters
|
||
|
|
@interact(num=5)
|
||
|
|
def square(num=2):
|
||
|
|
print("{} squared is {}".format(num, num*num))
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
# If kwargs are given, replace self by a new
|
||
|
|
# _InteractFactory with the updated kwargs
|
||
|
|
if kwargs:
|
||
|
|
kw = dict(self.kwargs)
|
||
|
|
kw.update(kwargs)
|
||
|
|
self = type(self)(self.cls, self.opts, kw)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
f = __interact_f
|
||
|
|
if f is None:
|
||
|
|
# This branch handles the case 3
|
||
|
|
# @interact(a=30, b=40)
|
||
|
|
# def f(*args, **kwargs):
|
||
|
|
# ...
|
||
|
|
#
|
||
|
|
# Simply return the new factory
|
||
|
|
return self
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# positional arg support in: https://gist.github.com/8851331
|
||
|
|
# Handle the cases 1 and 2
|
||
|
|
# 1. interact(f, **kwargs)
|
||
|
|
# 2. @interact
|
||
|
|
# def f(*args, **kwargs):
|
||
|
|
# ...
|
||
|
|
w = self.widget(f)
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
f.widget = w
|
||
|
|
except AttributeError:
|
||
|
|
# some things (instancemethods) can't have attributes attached,
|
||
|
|
# so wrap in a lambda
|
||
|
|
f = lambda *args, **kwargs: __interact_f(*args, **kwargs)
|
||
|
|
f.widget = w
|
||
|
|
show_inline_matplotlib_plots()
|
||
|
|
display(w)
|
||
|
|
return f
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def options(self, **kwds):
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
Change options for interactive functions.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Returns
|
||
|
|
-------
|
||
|
|
A new :class:`_InteractFactory` which will apply the
|
||
|
|
options when called.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
opts = dict(self.opts)
|
||
|
|
for k in kwds:
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
# Ensure that the key exists because we want to change
|
||
|
|
# existing options, not add new ones.
|
||
|
|
_ = opts[k]
|
||
|
|
except KeyError:
|
||
|
|
raise ValueError("invalid option {!r}".format(k))
|
||
|
|
opts[k] = kwds[k]
|
||
|
|
return type(self)(self.cls, opts, self.kwargs)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
interact = interactive.factory()
|
||
|
|
interact_manual = interact.options(manual=True, manual_name="Run Interact")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
class fixed(HasTraits):
|
||
|
|
"""A pseudo-widget whose value is fixed and never synced to the client."""
|
||
|
|
value = Any(help="Any Python object")
|
||
|
|
description = Unicode('', help="Any Python object")
|
||
|
|
def __init__(self, value, **kwargs):
|
||
|
|
super(fixed, self).__init__(value=value, **kwargs)
|
||
|
|
def get_interact_value(self):
|
||
|
|
"""Return the value for this widget which should be passed to
|
||
|
|
interactive functions. Custom widgets can change this method
|
||
|
|
to process the raw value ``self.value``.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
return self.value
|