516 lines
19 KiB
Python
516 lines
19 KiB
Python
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# ===================================================================
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#
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# Copyright (c) 2014, Legrandin <helderijs@gmail.com>
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# All rights reserved.
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#
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# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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# are met:
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#
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# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
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# the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
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# distribution.
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#
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# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
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# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
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# FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
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# COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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# INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
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# BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
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# LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
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# CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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# LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
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# ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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# ===================================================================
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"""
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Offset Codebook (OCB) mode.
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OCB is Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data (AEAD) cipher mode
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designed by Prof. Phillip Rogaway and specified in `RFC7253`_.
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The algorithm provides both authenticity and privacy, it is very efficient,
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it uses only one key and it can be used in online mode (so that encryption
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or decryption can start before the end of the message is available).
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This module implements the third and last variant of OCB (OCB3) and it only
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works in combination with a 128-bit block symmetric cipher, like AES.
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OCB is patented in US but `free licenses`_ exist for software implementations
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meant for non-military purposes.
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Example:
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>>> from Crypto.Cipher import AES
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>>> from Crypto.Random import get_random_bytes
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>>>
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>>> key = get_random_bytes(32)
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>>> cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_OCB)
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>>> plaintext = b"Attack at dawn"
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>>> ciphertext, mac = cipher.encrypt_and_digest(plaintext)
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>>> # Deliver cipher.nonce, ciphertext and mac
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...
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>>> cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_OCB, nonce=nonce)
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>>> try:
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>>> plaintext = cipher.decrypt_and_verify(ciphertext, mac)
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>>> except ValueError:
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>>> print "Invalid message"
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>>> else:
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>>> print plaintext
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:undocumented: __package__
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.. _RFC7253: http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7253
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.. _free licenses: http://web.cs.ucdavis.edu/~rogaway/ocb/license.htm
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"""
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from Crypto.Util.py3compat import b, bord, bchr, unhexlify
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from Crypto.Util.number import long_to_bytes, bytes_to_long
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from Crypto.Util.strxor import strxor
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from Crypto.Hash import BLAKE2s
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from Crypto.Random import get_random_bytes
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from Crypto.Util._raw_api import (load_pycryptodome_raw_lib, VoidPointer,
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create_string_buffer, get_raw_buffer,
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SmartPointer, c_size_t, expect_byte_string,
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)
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_raw_ocb_lib = load_pycryptodome_raw_lib("Crypto.Cipher._raw_ocb", """
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int OCB_start_operation(void *cipher,
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const uint8_t *offset_0,
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size_t offset_0_len,
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void **pState);
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int OCB_encrypt(void *state,
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const uint8_t *in,
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uint8_t *out,
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size_t data_len);
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int OCB_decrypt(void *state,
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const uint8_t *in,
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uint8_t *out,
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size_t data_len);
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int OCB_update(void *state,
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const uint8_t *in,
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size_t data_len);
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int OCB_digest(void *state,
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uint8_t *tag,
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size_t tag_len);
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int OCB_stop_operation(void *state);
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""")
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class OcbMode(object):
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"""Offset Codebook (OCB) mode.
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:undocumented: __init__
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"""
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def __init__(self, factory, nonce, mac_len, cipher_params):
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if factory.block_size != 16:
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raise ValueError("OCB mode is only available for ciphers"
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" that operate on 128 bits blocks")
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self.block_size = 16
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"""The block size of the underlying cipher, in bytes."""
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self.nonce = nonce
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"""Nonce used for this session."""
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if len(nonce) not in list(range(1, 16)):
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raise ValueError("Nonce must be at most 15 bytes long")
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self._mac_len = mac_len
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if not 8 <= mac_len <= 16:
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raise ValueError("MAC tag must be between 8 and 16 bytes long")
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# Cache for MAC tag
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self._mac_tag = None
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# Cache for unaligned associated data
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self._cache_A = b("")
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# Cache for unaligned ciphertext/plaintext
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self._cache_P = b("")
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# Allowed transitions after initialization
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self._next = [self.update, self.encrypt, self.decrypt,
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self.digest, self.verify]
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# Compute Offset_0
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params_without_key = dict(cipher_params)
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key = params_without_key.pop("key")
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nonce = (bchr(self._mac_len << 4 & 0xFF) +
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bchr(0) * (14 - len(self.nonce)) +
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bchr(1) +
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self.nonce)
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bottom = bord(nonce[15]) & 0x3F # 6 bits, 0..63
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ktop = factory.new(key, factory.MODE_ECB, **params_without_key)\
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.encrypt(nonce[:15] + bchr(bord(nonce[15]) & 0xC0))
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stretch = ktop + strxor(ktop[:8], ktop[1:9]) # 192 bits
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offset_0 = long_to_bytes(bytes_to_long(stretch) >>
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(64 - bottom), 24)[8:]
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# Create low-level cipher instance
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raw_cipher = factory._create_base_cipher(cipher_params)
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if cipher_params:
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raise TypeError("Unknown keywords: " + str(cipher_params))
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self._state = VoidPointer()
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result = _raw_ocb_lib.OCB_start_operation(raw_cipher.get(),
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offset_0,
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c_size_t(len(offset_0)),
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self._state.address_of())
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if result:
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raise ValueError("Error %d while instantiating the OCB mode"
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% result)
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# Ensure that object disposal of this Python object will (eventually)
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# free the memory allocated by the raw library for the cipher mode
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self._state = SmartPointer(self._state.get(),
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_raw_ocb_lib.OCB_stop_operation)
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# Memory allocated for the underlying block cipher is now owed
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# by the cipher mode
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raw_cipher.release()
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def _update(self, assoc_data, assoc_data_len):
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expect_byte_string(assoc_data)
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result = _raw_ocb_lib.OCB_update(self._state.get(),
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assoc_data,
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c_size_t(assoc_data_len))
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if result:
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raise ValueError("Error %d while MAC-ing in OCB mode" % result)
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def update(self, assoc_data):
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"""Process the associated data.
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If there is any associated data, the caller has to invoke
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this method one or more times, before using
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``decrypt`` or ``encrypt``.
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By *associated data* it is meant any data (e.g. packet headers) that
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will not be encrypted and will be transmitted in the clear.
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However, the receiver shall still able to detect modifications.
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If there is no associated data, this method must not be called.
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The caller may split associated data in segments of any size, and
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invoke this method multiple times, each time with the next segment.
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:Parameters:
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assoc_data : byte string
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A piece of associated data.
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"""
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if self.update not in self._next:
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raise TypeError("update() can only be called"
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" immediately after initialization")
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self._next = [self.encrypt, self.decrypt, self.digest,
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self.verify, self.update]
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if len(self._cache_A) > 0:
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filler = min(16 - len(self._cache_A), len(assoc_data))
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self._cache_A += assoc_data[:filler]
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assoc_data = assoc_data[filler:]
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if len(self._cache_A) < 16:
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return self
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# Clear the cache, and proceeding with any other aligned data
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self._cache_A, seg = b(""), self._cache_A
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self.update(seg)
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update_len = len(assoc_data) // 16 * 16
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self._cache_A = assoc_data[update_len:]
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self._update(assoc_data, update_len)
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return self
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def _transcrypt_aligned(self, in_data, in_data_len,
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trans_func, trans_desc):
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out_data = create_string_buffer(in_data_len)
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result = trans_func(self._state.get(),
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in_data,
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out_data,
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c_size_t(in_data_len))
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if result:
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raise ValueError("Error %d while %sing in OCB mode"
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% (result, trans_desc))
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return get_raw_buffer(out_data)
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def _transcrypt(self, in_data, trans_func, trans_desc):
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# Last piece to encrypt/decrypt
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if in_data is None:
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out_data = self._transcrypt_aligned(self._cache_P,
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len(self._cache_P),
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trans_func,
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trans_desc)
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self._cache_P = b("")
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return out_data
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# Try to fill up the cache, if it already contains something
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expect_byte_string(in_data)
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prefix = b("")
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if len(self._cache_P) > 0:
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filler = min(16 - len(self._cache_P), len(in_data))
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self._cache_P += in_data[:filler]
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in_data = in_data[filler:]
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if len(self._cache_P) < 16:
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# We could not manage to fill the cache, so there is certainly
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# no output yet.
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return b("")
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# Clear the cache, and proceeding with any other aligned data
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prefix = self._transcrypt_aligned(self._cache_P,
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len(self._cache_P),
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trans_func,
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trans_desc)
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self._cache_P = b("")
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# Process data in multiples of the block size
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trans_len = len(in_data) // 16 * 16
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result = self._transcrypt_aligned(in_data,
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trans_len,
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trans_func,
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trans_desc)
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if prefix:
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result = prefix + result
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# Left-over
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self._cache_P = in_data[trans_len:]
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return result
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def encrypt(self, plaintext=None):
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"""Encrypt the next piece of plaintext.
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After the entire plaintext has been passed (but before `digest`),
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you **must** call this method one last time with no arguments to collect
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the final piece of ciphertext.
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If possible, use the method `encrypt_and_digest` instead.
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:Parameters:
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plaintext : byte string
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The next piece of data to encrypt or ``None`` to signify
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that encryption has finished and that any remaining ciphertext
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has to be produced.
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:Return:
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the ciphertext, as a byte string.
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Its length may not match the length of the *plaintext*.
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"""
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if self.encrypt not in self._next:
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raise TypeError("encrypt() can only be called after"
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" initialization or an update()")
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if plaintext is None:
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self._next = [self.digest]
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else:
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self._next = [self.encrypt]
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return self._transcrypt(plaintext, _raw_ocb_lib.OCB_encrypt, "encrypt")
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def decrypt(self, ciphertext=None):
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"""Decrypt the next piece of ciphertext.
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After the entire ciphertext has been passed (but before `verify`),
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you **must** call this method one last time with no arguments to collect
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the remaining piece of plaintext.
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If possible, use the method `decrypt_and_verify` instead.
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:Parameters:
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ciphertext : byte string
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The next piece of data to decrypt or ``None`` to signify
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that decryption has finished and that any remaining plaintext
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has to be produced.
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:Return:
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the plaintext, as a byte string.
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Its length may not match the length of the *ciphertext*.
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"""
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if self.decrypt not in self._next:
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raise TypeError("decrypt() can only be called after"
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" initialization or an update()")
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if ciphertext is None:
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self._next = [self.verify]
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else:
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self._next = [self.decrypt]
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return self._transcrypt(ciphertext,
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_raw_ocb_lib.OCB_decrypt,
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"decrypt")
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def _compute_mac_tag(self):
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if self._mac_tag is not None:
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return
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if self._cache_A:
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self._update(self._cache_A, len(self._cache_A))
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self._cache_A = b("")
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mac_tag = create_string_buffer(16)
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result = _raw_ocb_lib.OCB_digest(self._state.get(),
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mac_tag,
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c_size_t(len(mac_tag))
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)
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if result:
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raise ValueError("Error %d while computing digest in OCB mode"
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% result)
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self._mac_tag = get_raw_buffer(mac_tag)[:self._mac_len]
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def digest(self):
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"""Compute the *binary* MAC tag.
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|
||
|
|
Call this method after the final `encrypt` (the one with no arguments)
|
||
|
|
to obtain the MAC tag.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The MAC tag is needed by the receiver to determine authenticity
|
||
|
|
of the message.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:Return: the MAC, as a byte string.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if self.digest not in self._next:
|
||
|
|
raise TypeError("digest() cannot be called now for this cipher")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
assert(len(self._cache_P) == 0)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
self._next = [self.digest]
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if self._mac_tag is None:
|
||
|
|
self._compute_mac_tag()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return self._mac_tag
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def hexdigest(self):
|
||
|
|
"""Compute the *printable* MAC tag.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
This method is like `digest`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:Return: the MAC, as a hexadecimal string.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
return "".join(["%02x" % bord(x) for x in self.digest()])
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def verify(self, received_mac_tag):
|
||
|
|
"""Validate the *binary* MAC tag.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Call this method after the final `decrypt` (the one with no arguments)
|
||
|
|
to check if the message is authentic and valid.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:Parameters:
|
||
|
|
received_mac_tag : byte string
|
||
|
|
This is the *binary* MAC, as received from the sender.
|
||
|
|
:Raises ValueError:
|
||
|
|
if the MAC does not match. The message has been tampered with
|
||
|
|
or the key is incorrect.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if self.verify not in self._next:
|
||
|
|
raise TypeError("verify() cannot be called now for this cipher")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
assert(len(self._cache_P) == 0)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
self._next = [self.verify]
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if self._mac_tag is None:
|
||
|
|
self._compute_mac_tag()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
secret = get_random_bytes(16)
|
||
|
|
mac1 = BLAKE2s.new(digest_bits=160, key=secret, data=self._mac_tag)
|
||
|
|
mac2 = BLAKE2s.new(digest_bits=160, key=secret, data=received_mac_tag)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if mac1.digest() != mac2.digest():
|
||
|
|
raise ValueError("MAC check failed")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def hexverify(self, hex_mac_tag):
|
||
|
|
"""Validate the *printable* MAC tag.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
This method is like `verify`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:Parameters:
|
||
|
|
hex_mac_tag : string
|
||
|
|
This is the *printable* MAC, as received from the sender.
|
||
|
|
:Raises ValueError:
|
||
|
|
if the MAC does not match. The message has been tampered with
|
||
|
|
or the key is incorrect.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
self.verify(unhexlify(hex_mac_tag))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def encrypt_and_digest(self, plaintext):
|
||
|
|
"""Encrypt the message and create the MAC tag in one step.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:Parameters:
|
||
|
|
plaintext : byte string
|
||
|
|
The entire message to encrypt.
|
||
|
|
:Return:
|
||
|
|
a tuple with two byte strings:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
- the encrypted data
|
||
|
|
- the MAC
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return self.encrypt(plaintext) + self.encrypt(), self.digest()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def decrypt_and_verify(self, ciphertext, received_mac_tag):
|
||
|
|
"""Decrypted the message and verify its authenticity in one step.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:Parameters:
|
||
|
|
ciphertext : byte string
|
||
|
|
The entire message to decrypt.
|
||
|
|
received_mac_tag : byte string
|
||
|
|
This is the *binary* MAC, as received from the sender.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:Return: the decrypted data (byte string).
|
||
|
|
:Raises ValueError:
|
||
|
|
if the MAC does not match. The message has been tampered with
|
||
|
|
or the key is incorrect.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
plaintext = self.decrypt(ciphertext) + self.decrypt()
|
||
|
|
self.verify(received_mac_tag)
|
||
|
|
return plaintext
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def _create_ocb_cipher(factory, **kwargs):
|
||
|
|
"""Create a new block cipher, configured in OCB mode.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:Parameters:
|
||
|
|
factory : module
|
||
|
|
A symmetric cipher module from `Crypto.Cipher`
|
||
|
|
(like `Crypto.Cipher.AES`).
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:Keywords:
|
||
|
|
nonce : byte string
|
||
|
|
A value that must never be reused for any other encryption.
|
||
|
|
Its length can vary from 1 to 15 bytes.
|
||
|
|
If not specified, a random 15 bytes long nonce is generated.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
mac_len : integer
|
||
|
|
Length of the MAC, in bytes.
|
||
|
|
It must be in the range ``[8..16]``.
|
||
|
|
The default is 16 (128 bits).
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Any other keyword will be passed to the underlying block cipher.
|
||
|
|
See the relevant documentation for details (at least ``key`` will need
|
||
|
|
to be present).
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
nonce = kwargs.pop("nonce", None)
|
||
|
|
if nonce is None:
|
||
|
|
nonce = get_random_bytes(15)
|
||
|
|
mac_len = kwargs.pop("mac_len", 16)
|
||
|
|
except KeyError as e:
|
||
|
|
raise TypeError("Keyword missing: " + str(e))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
return OcbMode(factory, nonce, mac_len, kwargs)
|